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ISSN 0071-0768

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Published September 2004

ISSN 0071-0768 ©

JOURNAL of the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF ONTARIO

Volume One Hundred and Thirty-Four

2003

Published September, 2004

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO

OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS 2003-2004 President: M. RICHARDS (2003-2005) J. CORRIGAN Dept. of Biological Sciences, Brock University

P.O. Box 291 Harriston ON, NOG 1Z0 bugjimcorrigan @ gosympatico.ca

President-Elect:

F. HUNTER

Dept. of Biological Sciences, Brock University St. Catharines ON, L2S 3A1

hunterf @ spartan.ac.brocku.ca

Past President:

B.D. GILL

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

K. W. Neatby Bldg, Room 4125

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa ON, K1A 0C6 gillbd @inspection.gc.ca

Secretary:

D. HUNT*

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Station, Harrow ON, NOR 1G0 huntd @em.agr.ca

Treasurer:

B. HELSON

Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, P.O. Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie ON, P6A 5M7

Librarian:

J. BRETT

Library, University of Guelph, Guelph ON, N1G 2W1

Directors:

T. BAUTE (2003-2005) Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Agronomy Building, Ridgetown College

P.O. Box 400 Main Street East

Ridgetown ON, NOP 2C0

P. BOUCHARD Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa ON, K1A 06C

(2004-2006)

R. HALLETT Dept. of Environmental Biology University of Guelph, Guelph ON, NIG 2W1

(2002-2004)

P. MASON Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, ECORC, K.W. Neatby Bldg, Ottawa ON, K1A 0C6

(2002-2004)

St. Catharines ON, L2S 3A1

G. UMPHREY Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics (2004-2006) University of Guelph, Guelph ON, NIG 2W1

Webmaster

D.B. LYONS

Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, P.O. Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie ON, P6A 5M7

Student Representative:

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Faculty of Forestry

University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3B3

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

Scientific Editor:

Y. H. J. PREVOST*

Faculty of Forestry and the Forest Environment, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON, P7B S5E1 Technical Editor: K. Jamieson

Layout Artist: J. Scott Barsanti

Associate Editors:

A.M.R. BENETT Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada 960 Carling Ave. Ottawa ON, K1A 06C

R. HARMSEN Biology Department, Queen’s University, Kingston ON, N7L 3N6

Y. MAUFFETTE

Faculté des sciences, Départment des sciences biologiques Université du Québec Montréal, Montréal QC, H3C 3P8

G. OTIS

Dept. of Environmental Biology

University of Guelph, Guelph ON, NIG 2W1

D. J. PREE

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,

Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, P.O. Box 6000, Vineland ON, LOR 2E0

S. J. SEYBOLD

Chemical Ecology of Forest Insects

USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station

Davis, California 95616 U.S.A.

*Mailed MS’s to 4338 Wildmint Square Ottawa ON, K1V 1N5. Electronic MS’s to Yves.Prevost @ Lakeheadu.ca

Cover illustration: Potato Leafhopper Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) by Martin Damus.

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

JOURNAL

of the HARVARD

UNIVERSITY ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO

Volume 134 2003

From the Editor,

This issue contains an invited review article about an entomological issue of current interest to Ontario entomologists. I am pleased to present the concern about the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae Harris (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), which is an economically significant pest of field legume crops with potential losses of $250 million per year. The review will also serve as a historical snapshot of changing insect populations in southern Ontario where the potato leafhopper populations have been increasing over the past 15 years. This may be an example of changes in an insect migration due to climate change.

The effort of entomologists in recording changes in the entomofauna of Ontario serves to remind us that even in our own back yards there are many new insect species waiting identification. For example, Buck has uncovered 114 new Ontarian and 53 new Canadian records of spheciform wasps; Romankova reports on seven new Ontarian Colletidae and two new Ontarian Megachilidae; Paeiro et al. report seven new Ontarian and 32 new Canadian Hemiptera and Paiero and Buck report one more species of Megachilidae to Ontario and reports new Canadian and Ontario records for three species of Megachilidae and Andrenidae. In spite of these new species found in Ontario and Canada, Godsoe provides a rare example of evidence that an insect has been extirpated from Ontario, here a pompilid.

Although some insects are encountered often, not much is known about their reproductive habits. This is the case with Pelecinus polyturator (Hymenoptera: Pelecinidae) and Bennett’s keen eye gives us an insight on its egg-laying habit. And finally Mason et al. provide a second example of a new invasion in Ontario by an insect; this time the cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] into canola crops.

I thank Martin Damus, our cover artist who took on the challenge of drawing the tiny potato leafhopper. Thanks are again due to K. Jamieson and J.Scott Barsanti for the technical layout of this volume. The review work could only be done with a panel of dedicated associate editors. Volume 135 of JESO is well under way and I am looking forward to reading about your efforts.

Yves Prévost Yves.Prevost@ Lakeheadu.ca

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

BIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF THE POTATO LEAFHOPPER, EMPOASCA FABAE (HARRIS) (HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE) ON FIELD CROPS IN ONTARIO

E. S. BULLAS APPLETON, C. GILLARD and A.W. SCHAAFSMA Department of Plant Agriculture Ridgetown College, University of Guelph, Ridgetown, Ontario NOP 2C0 E-mail: aschaafs@ridgetownc.uoguelph.ca

Abstract Js sents Soc.iOnts13453-=17

The potato leafhopper (PLH), Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) is an economically significant pest of field legume crops (Rosales: Leguminosae) such as soybeans, Glycine max L., edible beans Phaseolus vulgaris L., alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., and potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) in Ontario, causing potential losses of $250 million per annum. The PLH is a lacerate-and-flush feeder causing phytotoxicity expressed as hopperburn, resulting in the accumulation of photosynthates above feeding points and reduced rates of photosynthesis, respiration and plant growth. Damage symptoms responsible for yield reductions appear as: distorted leaf veins, yellowing margins and V-shaped wedges of chlorotic tissue, with leaves eventually becoming cupped with necrotic margins. The PLH accomplishes an annual migration, with winters spent in the southernmost regions of the United States, followed by a northward migration to north central and eastern United States and Canada in early spring. Effective monitoring for PLH populations in Ontario crops typically involves sweep net sampling, trifoliate counts and the use of yellow sticky cards. Economic injury levels for the PLH vary with susceptibility of infested crop. Resistant cultivars, trap crops, and seed treatments are discussed as viable alternatives to conventional insecticide applications for PLH control.

Biology

Biology and Development

The potato leafhopper (PLH), Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), has been a well-known pest of edible beans since its description in 1841 (DeLong 1938). Adult PLH are wedge-shaped and pale green and are distinguished by a row of six white spots across the pronotum. The taxonomy of the PLH was not clear until 1931 when DeLong confirmed the importance of the lateral-process and the dorsal spines in the pygofers of the internal genitalia of the males for distinguishing species belonging to this genus (Delong 1938; Medler 1957). The white apple leafhopper (WALH), Typhlocyba pomaria McAtee (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), is often confused with the PLH due to its size and shape, but it is much lighter in colour and its host range is more limited (Anonymous 2001). Later instars of WALH nymphs also have two rows of dark dots on the dorsal side of the thorax, and more dots appear on the wing pads when they develop. WALH nymphs and adults primarily move in a forward and backward motion when disturbed, whereas PLHs can move sideways as well as forward and backward (Anonymous 2001).

immatures pass through five nymphal instars which develop by incomplete metamorphosis. Under constant temperature regimes, the PLH requires approximately 301 degree days (C) to develop from egg to adult when reared on broad bean, Vicia faba L. (Rosales: Leguminosae) (Simonet and

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Pienkowski 1980). Adult females normally mate within 48 hours of emergence. The preoviposition period under field conditions is from 3-5 days (DeLong 1938).

Females insert eggs directly into the larger veins and petioles of host plant leaves at a rate of about 4 eggs per day when temperatures are greater than 10°C (Fenton and Hartzell 1923; Poos 1932: Sher and Shields 1991). A female has the potential to produce 124 eggs, given that the average longevity of adults is 35 days; females live slightly longer than males (Poos 1932). PLH eggs are difficult to see unless the plant tissue is cleared using lactophenol (Carlson and Hibbs 1962). Eggs hatch within 7-10 days in continuously high summer temperatures, but the incubation period can extend to 23 days during cooler periods (DeLong 1938). Fecundity is 37% lower for PLH reared on alfalfa vs. edible beans (Kieckhefer and Medler 1966). The net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of increase, oviposition period and population growth rate of PLHs are further reduced on water stressed alfalfa plants, with males slightly more affected than females (Hoffman et al. 1991; Hoffman and Hogg 1991).

Eclosion is related to temperature, with nymphs emerging later in the day during cooler periods (Poos 1932). Initially, the head of the emerging nymph is pushed through the plant epidermis. After an extended period of time, the neonate with conspicuous red eyes emerges until only the tip of the abdomen remains within the plant tissue. With its dorsal side downward, the nymph rapidly liberates and exercises its legs with which it grips the leaf vein and then pries the remaining portion of the abdomen from the leaf tissue. Nymphs begin feeding on the under surface of leaves immediately and complete the development from egg hatch to adult in about 15 days at temperatures between 15-20°C (Poos 1932).

The developmental times of eggs and nymphs, as well as overall longevity, decrease as mean temperatures increase (Sher and Shields 1991). Cold hardiness tends to increase as PLHs develop from egg through adult (Specker et al. 1990). When spring temperatures drop below 5°C, nymphs may drop into soil cracks where temperatures are slightly warmer than ambient (Shields and Sher 1992). As the proportion of individuals in soil crevices increases with decreasing temperature this behaviour has been categorized as a strategic response to unfavourable conditions in northern breeding grounds (Shields and Sher 1992). In Ontario there are three to four generations during the summer months.

Distribution and Host Range

The PLH overwinters predominantly in the southernmost portions of the United States. In the Gulf states, PLH reproduces on castor bean and other wild host plants during the winter, where populations increase before migration into north central and eastern United States and Canada in the spring (DeLong 1938; Pienkowski and Medler 1964). Physical and climactic factors, particularly elevation, relative humidity and rainfall, are responsible for the PLH’s eastern distribution. DeLong reported that the PLH is of economic importance in eastern regions that are below 950 m in elevation with an average relative humidity of 40-60% (DeLong 1938). For PLHs to reach economically significant populations, high temperature must be combined with normal humidity and precipitation (DeLong 1938). However, monitoring of weather patterns over the past 15 years in Ontario has demonstrated that PLHs are becoming more abundant, causing an increase in damage under hot, dry conditions.

The PLH has been identified on over 200 host plants. In the south, trees such as hickory, oak and southeastern pines are typically a source of reinfestation for seasonal crops (Poos 1935; Taylor 1995). Alfalfa is usually the crop first infested after arrival of PLHs in Ontario. In late May, potatoes and beans become infested with adults dispersing from alfalfa by means of low-level flight. Following each alfalfa harvest, adult PLHs return to feed on the succulent regrowth.

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Migration and Dispersal

Warm south winds and air masses moving north up the Mississippi Valley trigger a northward migration each spring, resulting in the infestation of many important crops in north central and eastern United States and Canada. Pienkowski and Medler (1964) suggested that a low-pressure trough in conjunction with a low-level jet stream on the face of a cold front is required for long- distance transport of PLHs.

The PLH accomplishes an annual migration, with its autumn return to the overwintering area in reproductive diapause assisted by the movement of the fall weather systems, particularly low pressure fronts with calm winds or winds with a southerly flow (Shields and Testa 1999). For long distance migration, the PLH must either fly or be carried to altitudes as high as 1220 m (Medler 1957; Pienkowski and Medler 1964; Shields and Testa 1999). At this altitude, PLH may be transported approximately 30% faster than individuals at 300 m above ground level (Pienkowski and Medler 1964). Temperature fluctuations impose limits upon the transport of PLHs in upper air currents. When the surrounding atmospheric temperature drops below 12°C, the flight termination threshold, PLHs fold their wings and descend until temperatures above 12°C are encountered (Taylor and Reling 1986). The activity period leading to flight into the planetary boundary layer (the part of the troposphere extending upward from the earth’s surface to 100 to 3000m where long-range transport occurs) begins about one hour before sunset and ends 30 minutes after sunset. In one study, PLH reached peak densities at 152 m, 20 minutes after sunset (Shields and Testa 1999). Migratory flight appears to be correlated with declining barometric pressure 12 hours prior to the normal evening activity period, which occurs around sunset (Shields and Testa 1999). Migratory PLHs are precipitated out of the air by downdrafts, exhaustion, termination of flight, precipitation with rain or cooling.

Depending on location, collections in late spring in northern breeding grounds are predominantly females (Medler 1957). When conditions for migration are favourable, PLHs may be detected on alfalfa in Ontario as soon as early May. After females have reached northern breeding areas, short distance dispersal occurs throughout fields of preferred crops. Approximately 90% of all flight activity associated with short-distance dispersal occurs during the dark hours (Medler 1957). The majority of this movement takes place before midnight, with a peak 30 minutes after sunset; often this is a calm period with particularly low wind velocity (Dysart 1962). Precipitation triggers an increase in short distance dispersal due to the impact of falling raindrops (Dysart 1962).

Host Selection and Preferences

The PLH has several preferred hosts. Leguminous hosts are preferred, followed by potatoes and other species of Solanum. Common bean seedlings have a much higher sugar content than emerging potato plants, perhaps explaining why the potato plants do not attract the PLH until the plants have reached a considerable size and maximum sugar content (DeLong 1938). As the PLH _ feeds, sucrose increases in infested plants, making the plant attractive for continued feeding (Hibbs et al. 1964). PLHs also demonstrate variable settling behaviour. On alfalfa, stems are preferred over leaves. Contrastingly, on broad bean, fewer PLHs are found on stems while the use of abaxial leaf surfaces corresponds with availability (Backus et al. 1990). The preference for the abaxial surface of leaves compared to the upper surface may be attributed to higher transpiration rates, and consequently higher humidity on the undersides of leaves (DeLong 1938).

Many factors affect the frequency and intensity of PLH infestations. Favourable weather conditions are important for the build-up of heavy populations of this pest (Poos and Wheeler 1943). The stage of development, condition, abundance and continuity and the inherent _ characteristics of preferred host plants at the time of infestation can dramatically affect the rate of PLH oviposition and nymphal development (Poos and Wheeler 1943). The developmental stage

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

of the host also affects selection behaviour, as younger, more succulent tissue is favoured (Poos and Wheeler 1943).

Although it is difficult to precisely determine what attracts PLHs to host plants, preliminary evidence suggests that preferred varieties of edible beans are selected on the basis of visual properties rather than olfactory cues (Bullas et al. unpublished). Lime green, spring green and yellow sticky card traps attract the highest numbers of adults in free-choice tests (Chu et al. 2000). These hues have relatively low reflectance values in the blue region of the spectrum (400-460 nm) and moderately high reflectance in the green, yellow, and orange spectral regions (490-600 nm), characteristic of the abaxial surfaces of many leguminous leaves (Chu et al. 2000). PLHs are least attracted to colour card traps with low reflectance values at all wavelengths, such as black and dark green, and those with moderately high reflectance in the blue and red regions of the spectrum (Chu et al. 2000). Sampling of numerous potential native and exotic cultivated and natural hosts indicates that PLHs prefer species belonging to the family Fabaceae, with 61.8% of the host species represented by this family (Lamp et al. 1994).

Feeding Habits and Damage

In alfalfa and other preferred crops, the injection of copious amounts of watery, digestive saliva into the plant and the mechanical damage that occurs during laceration result in the deformation and blockage of sieve elements (Backus and Hunter 1989). Photosynthate accumulates above the blockage and causes phytotoxicity (Backus and Hunter 1989).

Early investigators believed that the PLH was strictly a phloem-feeding pest (Hunter and Backus 1989). However, the occurrence of dark green material in the gut, visible through the transparent abdominal cuticle resulting from the consumption of significant quantities of non- translocated, membrane-bound plant pigments such as chlorophyll, supports the hypothesis that PLHs ingest from the mesophyll as well as the phloem (Hunter and Backus 1989). Feeding behaviour may vary on different host plant species (Backus and Hunter 1989). For example, the PLH is classified as a lacerate-and-flush feeder that preferentially ingests from mesophyll tissue on broad beans and from phloem tissue on alfalfa (Hunter and Backus 1989). When the size of plant cells changes in response to environmental stress factors, probing behaviour by the PLH is modified. Water deficiency in alfalfa results in a shift from multiple-cell laceration to phloem ingestion, which is less likely to induce hopperburn than the probing behaviour typically associated with optimal moisture levels (Al-Dawood et al. 1996).

When stylets are damaged during feeding or probing and sheath saliva is deposited in the phloem, cells may collapse and the xylem tissue may be reduced in size, quantity and total cross- sectional area of mature tracheary elements. Ultimately, this may be expressed as leaf curl and eventually as necrosis (Ecale and Backus 1995). Other wound responses to PLH-induced injury include: cell wall loosening and collapse; organelle degradation and cell necrosis; increased mitotic activity in surviving cells; enlargement of nuclei and nucleoli; thickening of secondary cell walls; formation of wound phloem; transfer cell generation; and, premature formation of starch granules in cortical parenchyma chloroplasts (Zhou and Backus 1999). An increase in carbohydrates in damaged tissues suggests a feedback mechanism that enhances the nutritional suitability of the host, subsequently improving plants as hosts for the development of immatures (Granovsky 1930; Hibbs et al. 1964).

The extent of disruption of the translocation process depends upon the developmental stage of the host and the pest. For example, late instar nymphs or adult females appear to cause more damage than early instar nymphs or adult males (Zaky 1981, Flinn et al. 1990). In alfalfa, feeding by fourth instar nymphs significantly reduces the amount of photoassimilate transported to injured tissues, whereas feeding by adults or first instars leads to greater concentrations of assimilate in

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134. 2003

the stem below feeding sites (Nielsen et al. 1999). Young vegetative alfalfa plants show reduced translocation rates to shoots, tips and crowns, while translocation is reduced to the crown only in late vegetative plants. A reduction in the basal translocation of photoassimilates induced by lacerate- and-flush feeders may reduce carbon storage and mobilization, nitrogen fixation and winter survival (Lamp et al. 2001). In one study, photosynthate transport to tips of exposed alfalfa stems was reduced up to 62% when compared to plants not exposed to PLH feeding (Nielsen et al. 1990). In contrast, translocation in reproductive plants was not affected by PLH injury (Nielsen et al. 1999). Although infested alfalfa requires more time to reach first bloom, injured plants can ultimately compensate for reductions in nutrient yield associated with later bloom. Therefore harvest based on occurrence of first bloom is preferred to minimize losses in digestible energy (Hutchins and Pedigo 1990).

Disruption of physiological processes in the plant severely affects regrowth rates and survival of alfalfa stands (Lamp et al. 2001). The consequences of intense feeding late in the growth cycle should be considered when pest management initiatives are considered, to ensure persistence of stands over time rather than primarily focusing on the growth of the current crop (Lamp et al. 2001). Transport processes are dramatically affected by PLH feeding during the early stages of plant development when pest management decisions can prevent yield losses. Although the time of arrival of PLHs is not related to the severity of damage, the frequency and number of arriving PLHs, weather conditions during the growing season and crop management all contribute to the ultimate extent of damage experienced by infested crops (Maredia et al. 1998).

Symptoms of Damage

Hopperburn, the disease-like condition induced by PLH feeding, results in reduced rates of photosynthesis, respiration, and plant growth, causing considerable yield losses. The initiation of hopperburn is associated with a cascade of biochemical and physiological changes in vascular tissues that persist for 4 to 8 days (Al-Dawood et al. 1996). This cascade begins with the enhancement of natural wound responses to the injection of saliva, followed by various forms of healing (AI- Dawood et al. 1996). Hopperburn is characterized by distortion of leaf veins and a consequent yellowing of the tissue around the margin and at the tip of the leaf. Symptoms in alfalfa commence as V-shaped wedges of chlorotic tissue radiating from the midpoint of the midrib to the tip of the leaflet (Nielsen et al. 1990). With continued feeding, there is cupping of the margins as the leaf turns from yellow to brown and becomes dry and brittle (DeLong 1940). A central area along the midrib, especially at the base near the petiole, is the last portion of the leaf to change colour. Dwarfing may occur in leaves, stems and/or petioles, and floral development may be reduced or arrested in affected plants.

The expression of hopperburn varies slightly between hosts. In alfalfa, this damage is known as “leafhopper yellowing” although it may appear in shades of pink, red and purple as well as yellow (Poos and Wheeler 1943). Damaged alfalfa plants are stunted and less vigorous and tend to show less regrowth following cutting, lower protein levels, and increased winter mortality. Because leaves contain the majority of digestible protein found in alfalfa plants, damage may result in crude protein loss as high as 28.6% (Hower and Flinn 1986). Most damage to alfalfa occurs after infestations of the second and third cuttings, as early season populations rarely reach damaging numbers unless the first cutting is delayed.

On peanut, the disease-like injury inflicted by PLHs is referred to as “pouts” and is first expressed by burning of the tips and margins of the leaves; then progresses to yellowing and dwarfing of the foliage (Poos and Wheeler 1943).

Hopperburn in edible beans is expressed as yellowing and downward curling of leaves, followed

: by necrosis, stunted growth, reduced pod number, reduced number of seeds per pod, and reduced

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

seed weight when infestations are severe (Schoonhoven et al. 1978). The severity of damage is correlated with yield reductions in unprotected plots of susceptible cultivars (Lindgren and Coyne 1994).

Management

Economic Importance

The PLH is a serious pest of many agricultural crops in Ontario, particularly edible bean, potato, alfalfa, peanut Arachis hypogeae L. (Rosales: Leguminosae) and soybean. Traditionally, PLHs could be expected sporadically in hot, dry seasons in the more southern regions of Ontario such as the counties of Kent and Essex and the Regional Municipality of Niagara. With the increased occurrence of hot, dry summers, the frequency of economic infestations of PLHs have increased in the last 15 years, and more frequent damage is now seen in Middlesex, Huron and Perth Counties to the north and east of the traditional area.

In 2001, approximately 61,650 ha of edible beans, 17,320 ha of potatoes, 853,900 ha of alfalfa, and 900,400 ha of soybeans were grown in Ontario (Anonymous 2001). Although some peanuts are grown in Ontario, the total area is considered insignificant, and their contribution to the agricultural economy is low. While soybean is a major cash crop in Ontario, economic losses are rare because PLHs are mainly repelled by dense leaf pubescence (Elden and Lambert 1992).

The damage inflicted by the PLH has the potential to reduce yields by 20-30% in alfalfa and potatoes and as much as 60% in edible beans; this corresponds to potential losses of a quarter of a billion dollars in Ontario per annum. With a total annual farm gate value of $60,000,000 (Anonymous 2001), the potential loss for edible beans is $12,000,000 without considering the value-added costs further down the food supply chain. In 2001, potatoes and alfalfa had total farm gate values of $87,444,000 and $305,900,000 respectively. This translates to potential losses of about $52,470,000 for potato and $183,540,000 for alfalfa.

Losses in alfalfa are currently underestimated by producers (Peter Johnson OMAF extension specialist, pers. communication), especially in the northern counties where growers are unaccustomed to scouting for PLHs. The majority of economic losses in forage legumes are linked to reductions in biomass associated with shorter stems (Lefko et al. 2000a).

The cost of protection against the PLH varies amongst crops. In edible beans, most growers apply dimethoate from one to four times per season. Based on the average production figures and estimates of treated areas, and at a cost of about $36 per ha including application and insecticide costs, growers spend close to $2.25 million annually for each insecticide treatment. It is more difficult to calculate the cost of control in potatoes, because PLH protection is often secondary to protection from other insects such as aphids or the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Ten years ago, 10% of the alfalfa producers in the Niagara region sprayed once per season for PLH. More recently, about 50% of these producers applied at least one insecticide per season for PLH and 10 % applied an insecticide as required by monitoring thresholds after every harvest (Winnicki, Clark AgriService, pers. communication). While PLH- resistant alfalfa cultivars have recently been introduced, currently less than 5% of the new seedings comprise resistant cultivars (Welbanks, Pioneer Hi-Bred Canada, pers. communication). Growers within the Niagara region have planted PLH-resistant cultivars at an extra seed cost of about $25.00/ ha, but have found that some insecticide treatments are still required (Winnicki, Clark AgriService, pers. communication).

Monitoring and Action Thresholds It is difficult to accurately predict the arrival and magnitude of spring PLH populations, and management strategies are usually reactive rather than proactive (Maredia et al. 1998). In some

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northern regions, large influxes of adult PLHs arrive without warning and result in major economic losses in regional crops before management of the pest can be implemented (Maredia et al. 1998).

Preventative management strategies for control of the PLH require an understanding of the relationship between weather, pest status and arrival times. A variety of techniques have been investigated for sampling the PLH, including sweep netting, pan traps, in situ counts, D-vac sampling, and the use of other traps, but few techniques are adequate for preventative management decisions (DeGooyer et al. 1998). Delong (1940) stated that although counting the entire catch obtained by 100 full sweeps of a standard sweep net provided an index of species present, the results obtained by this method were highly variable and of limited value. However, in spite of the questionable precision of this technique, alfalfa is commonly monitored in early July or after the first cutting by taking 20 sweeps in five representative areas of the field. Crop height in each sampled area is also considered. As the height of alfalfa increases, the number of PLHs necessary to cause economic damage also increases. For example, economic thresholds for PLHs are 0.2 adults/net sweep, 0.5 adults/net sweep, 1.0 adult or nymph/sweep net and 2.0 adults or nymphs/sweep net for stem heights of 7.5 cm, 15 cm, 20-25 cm and 30-35 cm respectively (Wilson 1981). Sampling should be performed on warm, calm days.

Yellow sticky traps oriented horizontally and level with the top of the canopy can provide effective relative estimates of PLH densities in alfalfa (DeGooyer et al. 1998). However, higher accuracy is obtained from counts of nymphs per 25 or 50 trifoliate leaves randomly selected from a plot. Nymphs are preferred for monitoring because adults are highly mobile and move among plants, rows and fields within a particular area, and eggs are not visible unless leaf tissue has been cleared.

Monitoring for adults in potatoes involves 10 random sweep net samples, with management decisions based on a treatment threshold of 5 to 10 PLHs per sweep (Whalen 2000). Nominal thresholds in beans are based on the number of nymphs per leaf with consideration of the stage of plant development. In Ontario, treatment is recommended when an average of 0.25 nymphs per leaf are detected at the unifoliate stage or 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 nymphs at second trifoliate, fourth trifoliate and first bloom, respectively (Anonymous 2002a). Sweep nets to sample adults in edible beans are not recommended under humid conditions because of the high risk of spreading bacterial disease.

Economic Injury Levels

Economic injury levels (EIL) for the PLH are commonly expressed as the number of injury equivalents per production unit. The EIL is equivalent to the cost of management per production unit divided by the market value per production unit, multiplied by the yield loss per insect and the proportionate reduction of the insect population (Ogunlana and Pedigo 1974; Hunt et al. 2000). Due to varying levels of resistance or susceptibility, the EIL for the PLH varies with the infested crop and variety. PLH resistance creates a significant yield advantage, warranting the calculation of separate EILs for susceptible and resistant cultivars (Lefko et al. 2000a). The absence of well- defined EILs for PLHs has led to the prophylactic application of insecticides (Ogunlana and Pedigo 1974). The EIL is dynamic and must be adjusted according to current market values and environmental conditions (Ogunlana and Pedigo 1974). Considering these factors, Ogunlana and Pedigo (1974) calculated a gain threshold for PLHs in soybeans for aerial application of malathion at the rate of 100 kg/ha. This gain threshold translated into an EIL, which ranged from | PLH/2 trifoliates to 18 PLH/2 trifoliates at the R7 stage of development when beans are beginning to form.

Seedling soybeans are most at risk when late planting is followed by a large migration of PLHs (Hunt et al. 2000). Seedling soybean leaves (VC through V4) are primarily composed of young, expanding tissue with softer, less abundant pubescence and consequently are more susceptible

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to PLHs than older, hardened-off leaves (Hunt et al. 2000). Therefore, the EIL for soybeans increases with plant maturity, and ranges from 1.4-3.6 PLH/plant at the V1 stage (2 trifoliate leaves) to 6.5- 16.7 PLH/plant at V4 (Hunt et al. 2000). Onstad et al. (1984) described a similar relationship for alfalfa in a model which incorporated pest density, infestation period, weather, crop condition and the management tactic selected.

Natural Enemies

Due to its capacity to rapidly attain damaging populations and move freely, the PLH is not a suitable candidate for biological control initiatives. Preliminary trials showed that chrysopids and coccinellids, both natural predators of the PLH, consumed only 23 and 10 nymphs, respectively, over a five-day period (Fenton and Hartzell 1923). Despite the fact that up to 40% of PLH eggs are effectively parasitized by the small hymenopteran Anagrus armatus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), this parasitoid was unable to maintain sufficient control under field conditions (McGuire unpublished).

Zoophthora radicans (Brefeld) Batko (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) (synonym: Erynia radicans (Brefeld)), a fungus, causes natural epizootics in PLH populations under a narrow environmental regime (Magalhaes et al. 1991). The formation of appressoria, the infectious structure of this fungus, depends upon temperatures between 25° and 30°C, the presence of nitrogen and carbon sources in specific concentrations, and a specific volume of water covering the conidia prior to germination (Magalhaes et al. 1991). Since such precise requirements are not often experienced under Ontario growing conditions, Z. radicans is not currently viewed as a reliable control agent for this province.

Insecticides

Insecticides are the primary means of control for the PLH. Bordeaux mixture, a stomach poison, was the first effective insecticide used to control PLH infestations in potatoes (Fenton and Hartzel 1923). Once adults were detected, a calendar-spray program was initiated with applications at 10-day to two-week intervals. Later, pyrethrum extracts applied to PLHs on bean plants killed all individuals within a few hours, but had no impact on hatching nymphs or eggs (DeLong 1940).

In the 1970s granular formulations of disulfoton, carbofuran and phorate were applied to control PLHs in white beans (Judge et al. 1970). In recent years, organophosphorus insecticides such as dimethoate and phorate and some pyrethroids have been widely used for PLH control. Current recommendations for edible beans in Ontario involve the banded application of phorate applied at planting and/or foliar application of dimethoate when population estimates exceed thresholds (Anonymous 2001). Chloronicotiny! insecticides such as imidichloprid, clothianidin and thiamethoxam applied as a seed treatment have shown some promise for control of PLHs in edible beans (Gillard et al. unpublished). This new class of chemistry is favoured because of its novel mode of action, systemic properties and low environmental risk.

Producers rely mainly on foliar insecticides to control PLHs in alfalfa. Control initiatives must be implemented before symptoms are recognized because plants do not recover well once the transport system of the plant has been disrupted. Therefore applications should be made in strict accordance with damage thresholds. While the application of methoxychlor can substantially increase alfalfa yields when PLH pressure is high, there is considerable regulatory pressure to end the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons (Davis and Fick 1995). Currently, in Ontario, foliar applications of dimethoate, azinphos-methy] or cyhalothrin-lambda are recommended. While cyhalothrin-lambda

is preferred from a user and environmental safety viewpoint, the organophosphorus insecticides are more cost effective.

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PLHs on potatoes in Ontario are usually controlled secondarily to other major pests such as Colorado potato beetle or aphids (Anonymous 2004). Many of the potatoes in Ontario are treated with in-furrow granular imidacloprid to control Colorado potato beetle. Due to its systemic properties, this application of imidacloprid provides extended protection against PLHs. There are a number of foliar insecticides from several classes of pesticide chemistry that may be used if PLH problems continue throughout the season (Anonymous 2002b).

Host Plant Resistance

Resistant crop lines are feasible alternatives to chemical control practices, and have limited input costs and environmental concerns (Murray et al. 2001). Three main types of resistance all affect PLH host selection. Antibiosis is a direct form of resistance that is detrimental to the pest, causes reduced fecundity, and induces morphological defects or mortality. Antixenosis is circuitous, insects are repelled, and this is ultimately expressed as non-preference for a particular variety (Painter 1951; Kogan and Ortman 1978). Tolerance may be defined as the ability of a plant to support a pest population without sustaining damage that would compromise a susceptible plant (Painter 1951; Lefko et al. 2000b).

Cultivars of edible beans, Phaseolus vulgaris (Rosales: Leguminosae) differ in their resistance to the PLH. The inheritance of resistance factors in P. vulgaris is polygenic and is increased by recurrent selection (Cardona and Kornegay 1999). Breeding programs have successfully increased tolerance to PLH feeding damage, which has been incorporated into a number of bean market types (Cardona and Kornegay 1999). In Ontario, several small white-seeded experimental lines appear promising, combining resistance to PLHs, high yields, and good canning qualities (Cardona and Kornegay 1999). Non-volatile surface compounds often prevent or alter feeding behaviour by means of antixenotic and antibiotic resistance, while physiological tolerance mechanisms reduce the response of the host to feeding (Shockley and Backus 2002).

White beans might be classed as an intermediately susceptible market class to PLH because insect survival is not affected but reproduction is impeded (Ghosh et al. 1968). In another study conducted by Ghosh et al. (1968), PLHs reared on red kidney beans had an initial mortality rate of 50% rising to 100% by the second week of exposure, suggesting that this variety showed signs of antibiosis, perhaps due to unique plant lectins. A lethal protein called phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is produced as a defence mechanism by some species of Fabaceae (Habibi et al. 1993). When ingested, this compound rapidly kills PLHs. This defence mechanism appears promising for manipulation via DNA recombinant technology to achieve resistance in susceptible host plants (Habibi et al. 1993).

In summary, edible bean lines with low hopperburn scores associated with low nymphal populations may express antixenosis, whereas lines with high nymphal populations and low hopperburn scores, may predominantly be physiologically tolerant to PLHs (Kornegay et al. 1986; Schaafsma et al. 1998).

Most authors report that trichome morphology and density on edible beans do not play a major role in tolerance to PLHs (Schaafsma et al. 1998; Shockley and Backus 2002; Ranger and Hower 2001). Blends of volatile compounds, particularly viscous trichome exudates, are more likely to contribute to PLH resistance in alfalfa (Ranger and Hower 2001). The normal dense pubescence commonly found in most soybean cultivars provide a high level of resistance to the PLH, and significantly reduce feeding damage and oviposition and have increased adult mortality, in contrast to glabrous varieties which are much more susceptible to damage (Ogunlana and Pedigo 1974; Elden and Lambert 1992).

Traditional field-screening has been used by alfalfa breeding companies to select genotypes that appear resistant to hopperburn (Shockley and Backus 2002). Because mechanisms of resistance

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are chemically and physically based, adult PLHs may be repelled or not attracted by volatiles, while glandular hairs may impede development of nymphs (Ranger and Hower 2001). Genotype G98A has been identified as the most repellent and consequently the most resistant variety of alfalfa, in contrast to Ranger, the least repellent and most susceptible alfalfa cultivar (Shockley et al. 2002). Trichomes on glandular-haired varieties of alfalfa are the source for the physio-chemical defensive parameter that makes G98A and 1-27-1 resistant (Shockley et al. 2002). More PLH mortality is observed on these genotypes than on all others (Shockley et al. 2002). Less feeding damage and lower nymphal populations were observed on the alfalfa germplasm B16-PLH, which has highly pubescent stems and is desirable due to its height, rapid growth, and winter hardiness when compared with Ranger and other susceptible varieties (Elden and Elgin 1989). The effects of trichomes and PLH resistance are indirectly linked to hopperburn resistance which involves additional resistance factors (Shockley et al. 2002). Alfalfa that is resistant to the PLH produces more dry matter than susceptible genotypes, due to more nodes, longer internodes, longer stems and less hopperburn. These genotypes therefore can maintain more leaves, which leads to higher total crop yield and forage value (Lefko et al. 2000a). AmeriGuard 301, Trailblazer, 5347LH and the experimental line XAE49, are tolerant alfalfa cultivars that perform better than susceptible cultivars when PLH populations are high (Lefko et al. 2000b). In alfalfa, there appears to be a chemical basis for the marked non-preference or antixenotic mechanism of resistance (Horber et al. 1974). Saponins appear to deter PLHs in alfalfa and appear more toxic at higher concentrations (Horber et al. 1974).

Similar instances of resistance are apparent in potatoes; when PLH populations are high, larger, more succulent varieties show considerably less damage and have higher yields than susceptible cultivars (Fenton and Hartzell 1923). There is a negative correlation between total glycoalkaloid concentrations and nymphal survival, duration of settling, ingestion as well as non- feeding on Solanum species (Raman et al.1979).

Trap-Cropping The distinct preferences of phytophagous insects for particular varieties or growth stages of host plants may be exploited by modification of crop management practices. Intercropping systems provide diversity of host and nonhost vegetation that results in substantially lower pest populations when compared with monocultures (Brewer and Schmidt 1995). Typical intercrops employ the same proportions of host and non-host vegetation, thereby altering host selection habits and consequently reducing population densities (Miklasiewicz and Hammond 2001). A soybean- wheat cropping system initially contains significantly fewer female PLHs, and consequently a smaller population over the course of the year, relative to a uniform planting of soybean (Miklasiewicz and Hammond 2001). Similar suppression of the PLH occurs when alfalfa is intercropped with grassy weeds, forage grasses or oats (Lamp et al. 1984; Lamp 1991). The adoption of intercropping at the farm level has been low because of the rapid and visible control of pests achieved with insecticide application and the complexities that can be encountered with intercropping systems on a large scale. Trap-cropping, a special type of intercropping, involves the planting of a crop or variety more attractive to the insect pest along with the less attractive main crop. Trap-cropping is most successful if the two plantings are of the same species, because their harvest times will coincide and the trap variety will contribute to the total yield of the harvest (Brewer and Schmidt 1995). The trap-cropping system is most effective when the trap cultivar is more attractive than the main cultivar during the critical period of pest colonization. When presented with a more favourable substitute, pests tend to move into the trap-crop where they may then be controlled by insecticides or some other means. This management tactic leads to a reduction in insecticide application as the trap variety or crop,

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

commonly planted as border rows, may constitute less than 20% of the entire crop. Management costs and environmental impact are reduced because it is not necessary to treat the entire field.

The behaviour of the PLH lends itself to trap-cropping in edible beans. Short distance dispersal of this pest is mainly restricted to border rows of adjacent fields, which coincides with the typical orientation of trap plantings. With the distinct varietal preferences exhibited by PLHs, a large proportion of the pest population could potentially be diverted from the main crop into the preferred trap cultivar. Saxena et al. (1988) found significantly higher yields in trap fields of a susceptible cultivar of rice compared with a control field not treated to control Cicadellidae.

Under field conditions, ‘Berna Dutch brown’ bean is preferred by the PLH over all other varieties grown in Ontario (Wylde 1999). Preliminary work (Bullas et al. unpublished) has suggested that plantings of this variety in combination with chloronicotinyl seed treatments is a promising control strategy. A major concern with the use of Berna Dutch brown bean plants as a trap-crop is its limited market. Growers cannot afford to remove a significant percentage of their acreage from production. For this approach to be successful in edible bean production, a significant profit advantage would be required to offset the opportunity cost of the trap-crop. Trap-cropping is a feasible management practice that may enhance yields while preserving the ecological integrity of the agroecosystem. Problems such as insecticide resistance, pest resurgence, adverse impacts on non-target organisms and secondary outbreaks of pests, commonly associated with the overuse of pesticides, can be reduced with the use of trap-crops.

Conclusions

Potato leafhoppers in Ontario field crops tend to be increasing in incidence and severity due to more frequent hot and dry summers. The potato leafhopper is no longer considered a sporadic pest because infestations are more frequent and regular and require extensive monitoring and treatment. Given that a relatively low number of potato leafhoppers in a crop can result in significant damage, more attention to monitoring is required for early detection. Alternatives to broadcast insecticide applications such as trap-crops, seed treatments and plant resistance are needed and crop producers need to be educated in the adoption of these practices.

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Maredia, K.M., M.E. Whalon, S.H. Gage, and M.J. Kaeb. 1998. Observations of first occurrence and severity of potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in the north central and eastern United States. The Great Lakes Entomologist, 31: 73-84.

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Nielsen, G.R., W.O. Lamp and G.W Stutte. 1990. Potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) feeding disruption of phloem translocation in alfalfa. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 807-813.

Nielsen, G.R., C. Fuentes, B. Quebedeaux, Z. Wang and W.O. Lamp. 1999. Alfalfa physiological response to potato leafhopper injury depends on leafhopper and alfalfa developmental stage. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 40: 247-255.

Ogunlana, M.O., and L.P. Pedigo. 1974. Economic-injury levels of the potato leafhopper on soybeans in Iowa. Journal of Economic Entomology, 67: 29-32.

Onstad, D.W, C.A. Shoemaker, and B.C. Hansen. 1984. Management of potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), on alfalfa with the aid of systems analysis. Environmental Entomology, 13: 1046-1058.

Painter, R.H. 1951. Insect resistance in crop plants. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence. 520 pp.

Pienkowski, R.L. and J.T. Medler. 1964. Synoptic weather conditions associated with long-range movement of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, in Wisconsin. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 57: 588-591.

Poos, F.W. 1932. Biology of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and some closely related species of Empoasca. Journal of Economic Entomology, 25: 639-646.

Poos, F.W. 1935. New host plants of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), and their probable significance. Journal of Economic Entomology, 28: 1072-1073.

Poos, F.W. and N.H. Wheeler. 1943. Studies on host plants of the leafhoppers of the genus Empoasca. U.S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin, 850, 51 pp.

Raman, K.V, W.M. Tingey, and P. Gregory. 1979. Potato glycoakaloids: effect on survival and feeding behaviour of the potato leafhopper. Journal of Economic Entomology, 72: 337-341.

Ranger, C.M. and A.A. Hower. 2001. Role of glandular trichomes in resistance of perennial alfalfa to the potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 94: 950-957.

Saxena, R.C., H.D. Justo, Jr., and E.L. Palanginan. 1988. Trap crop for Nephotettix virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and tungro management in rice. Journal of Economic Entomology, 81: 1485-1488.

Schaafsma, A.W., C. Cardona, J.L. Kornegay, A.M. Wylde, and T.E. Michaels. 1998. Resistance of common bean lines to PLH (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 91: 981-986.

Schoonhoven, A.van, L.A. Gomez, and F. Avalos. 1978. The influence of leafhopper (Empoasca Kraemer) attack during various bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plant growth stages on seed yield. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 23: 115-120.

16 c

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Sher, R.R. and E.J. Shields. 1991. Potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) oviposition and development under cool fluctuating temperatures. Environmental Entomology, 20: 1113-1120.

Shields, E.J. and R.B Sher. 1992. Low-temperature survival strategies of potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Environmental Entomology, 21: 301-306.

Shields, E.J. and A.M. Testa. 1999. Fall migratory flight initiation of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Homoptera: Cicadellidae): observations in the lower atmosphere using remote piloted vehicles. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 97: 317-330.

Shockley, F.W. and E.A. Backus. 2002. Repellency to the potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) by erect glandular trichomes on alfalfa. Environmental Entomology, 31: 22-29.

Shockley, F.W., E.A. Backus, M.R. Ellersieck, D.W Johnson and M. McCaslin. 2002. Glandular- haired alfalfa resistance to potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and hopperburn: development of resistance indices. Journal of Economic Entomology, 95: 437-447.

Simonet, D.E. and R.L. Pienkowski. 1980. Temperature effect on development and morphometrics of the potato leafhopper. Environmental Entomology, 9: 798-800.

Specker, D.R., E.J. Shields, D.M. Umbach and S.A. Allan. 1990. Mortality response of potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) to low temperatures: implications for predicting overwintering and early migrant mortality. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83: 1541-1548.

Taylor, P.S. 1995. Development of migrant source populations of the potato leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Environmental Entomology, 24: 1115-1121.

Taylor, R.A.J. and D. Reling. 1986. Preferred wind direction of long-distance leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) migrants and its relevance to the return migration of small insects. Journal of Animal Ecology, 55: 1103-1114.

Whalen, J. 2000. Weekly Crop Update. University of Delaware Cooperative Extension, 8(12).

Wilson, M.C. 1981. Improving alfalfa forage quality: How to detect and manage the potato leafhopper problem. Certified Alfalfa Seed Council, Inc. 4 pp.

Wylde, A.M. 1999. A Comparison of Resistance Mechanisms in Common Beans, Phaseolis vulgaris, to Empoasca fabae and Empoasca kraemeri. MSc. Thesis, University of Guelph. Guelph, Ontario. 89 pp.

Zaky, S.H.F.M. 1981. Damage Potential of Potato Leafhopper Nymphs, Empoasca fabae Harris (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) Established on Stand Alfalfa. PhD. Dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park. 112 pp.

Zhou, C.L.E. and E.A. Backus. 1999. Phloem injury and repair following potato leafhopper feeding on alfalfa. Canadian Journal of Botany, 77: 537-547.

17

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134. 2003

AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE SPHECIFORM WASPS OF ONTARIO (HYMENOPTERA: AMPULICIDAE, SPHECIDAE AND CRABRONIDAE)

MATTHIAS BUCK Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, NIG 2W1. E-mail: mbuck@evb.uoguelph.ca.

Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 134: 19-84

A checklist of Ontario spheciform wasps (Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae) is presented based on a comprehensive study of all collections with major holdings of Ontario material, a critical review of previously published records and extensive field work. A total of 278 species is recorded, including 114 new provincial and 53 new Canadian records. The Palaearctic species Pemphredon morio is recorded for the first time from North America, and seven species, Passaloecus borealis, Tachysphex alpestris, Solierella levis, Trypoxylon bidentatum, T. sculleni, Mellinus abdominalis and Nysson hesperus are recorded for the first time from the eastern Nearctic. The distribution of Ontario sphecids is discussed with special ‘native on species with odd distribution patterns and introduced species.

Introduction

The spheciform wasps (Ampulicidae, Sphecidae and Crabronidae, from here on simply referred to as “sphecids’’) are a group of aculeate Hymenoptera that has attracted much interest because of their complex breeding behaviour. Adults of this group include very small and inconspicuous insects as well as some of the largest and most spectacular wasps of our fauna. Besides their fascinating biology this group is of interest to ecologists and conservation biologists because many of its species inhabit vulnerable and endangered habitats. The taxonomy of most genera is comparatively well known, at least for the eastern Nearctic species. Despite this, the Canadian sphecid fauna has been very poorly studied except for the province of Quebec and the Yukon Territory (Finnamore 1982, 1997).

The present study aims towards narrowing this gap by providing the first annotated checklist of Ontario sphecids, including over a hundred new records for the province. Because most species reach the northern or northeastern limit of their range somewhere within the province, this checklist also provides an important reference for anyone interested in the biogeography of Nearctic sphecids. Furthermore, this work is relevant for the development of national species protection strategies because many Canadian sphecid species (ca. one quarter of the species known from Ontario) occur in no other Canadian province or territory except Ontario. This area is also the most densely populated in the country and some of the species in question are restricted to habitats that are very sensitive to human disturbance.

Up to now only about 165 sphecid species have been reported from Ontario (Krombein 1979, and other authors: see Table I), insignificantly more than the 163 species recorded from Quebec (Provancher 1883, 1885-1889, Finnamore 1982, additions by Dollfuss 1995; misidentifications and doubtful records excluded). Considering the more southern location of Ontario, which includes parts of the Carolinian life zone, one would expect a much higher number of species than in Quebec. In fact, the present work demonstrates that the previously recorded 165 species represent less than

* 60 % of the total fauna.

19

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

The earliest works on the sphecid fauna of Ontario were published by Provancher (1883, 1885-1889) and Harrington (1902). Harrington (who included all of Provancher’s records) reported 73 valid species from the Ottawa region. Despite being published over a century ago, his work remains by far the most extensive previously published paper on Ontario sphecids. Later, Walker (1913) published a list of species from Toronto (26 species) and Brown (1934) studied the fauna of the Temagami [= Timagami] area in northern Ontario (16 species). Fye (1965) reported on the biology of three species of Pemphredoninae. Only recently, further faunistic papers were published: Blades and Marshall (1994) listed 11 species taken in pan traps in south-central Ontario peatlands. Sugar et al. (1998) recorded 39 species from oak savannah habitats in southern Ontario and Skevington et al. (2001) provided a checklist of the species of Lambton County in southwestern Ontario including 28 taxa. In an unpublished report to Parks Canada Marshall et al. (2001) recorded 57 species from Bruce County in southcentral Ontario.

The present paper represents the first checklist on Ontario spheciform wasps. The preparation of this list involved a critical review of all previously published species records, a comprehensive study of all major collections, and four years of field work. The distribution of Ontario sphecids is discussed with emphasis on species with unusual distribution patterns and introduced species.

Materials and Methods

Material examined. The present checklist is based mostly on material in the following five major collections: University of Guelph, Department of Environmental Biology (Guelph); Canadian National Collection of Insects (Ottawa); Laurence Packer collection (York University, Toronto); Royal Ontario Museum (Toronto); and University of Manitoba, Entomology Department (Winnipeg). The study involved a review of Ontario material from these collections including verification of previous determinations and identification of all previously unidentified specimens. In the case of material from the Canadian National Collection previous identifications were only reviewed in their entirety for taxonomically difficult groups, for rare species, and for unpublished Ontario records; otherwise only a few voucher specimens per species were checked. A.V. Antropov (in litt.) provided data on some specimens of Trypoxy/on currently on loan to him from their collection. Occasional records from other collections were included if available (see list of depositories below). F.E. Kurcezewski (in /itt.) kindly provided additional data from his collection, and H.S. Court and W.J. Pulawski (in /itt.) contributed records form the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Two records were included based on photographs of live specimens taken in the field by H. Goulet (Canadian National Collection).

Classification and Identification. The nomenclature used in this paper follows almost entirely’ the “Catalog of Sphecidae sensu lato” which is available on the internet and is constantly updated (Pulawski 2004). Following Melo (1999) the following families and subfamilies of Ontario spheciform wasps are recognised: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae (including only Sphecinae sensu Bohart and Menke 1976), and Crabronidae*: (including subfamilies Pemphredoninae, Astatinae, Crabroninae [incl. Larrinae], Bembicinae and Philanthinae). The systematic arrangement of taxa largely follows Krombein (1979) except where conflicting with modern classification. In a few cases new synonymies and revised species concepts (within Hoplisoides, Nysson and Epinysson) are being used that will be discussed in detail in separate publications (Buck, in prep.). Identifications

‘The proposed synonymy of Synnevrus with Nysson is not adopted here because it has never

been published formally.

* Melo’s controversial placement of the Ammoplanina and Mellinini in the Astatinae and the Crabroninae, respectively, is not adopted here.

20

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134. 2003

for certain species of the following groups were checked by specialists: Podalonia (A.S. Menke. Ammophila Research Institute, Arizona), Tachysphex, Tachytes (W.J. Pulawski, California Academy of Sciences), and the Trypoxylon figulus-group (A.V. Antropov, Zoological Museum, Moscow State University). Helen S. Court (California Academy of Sciences) provided crucial help in identifying some species of Nysson and Synnevrus.

Recording standards for new Ontario records. The current edition of the “Catalog of the Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico” (Krombein 1979) often provides distribution ranges rather than explicit provincial or state records. Therefore the presence or absence of certain species in Ontario is not always clear. In the absence of other explicit literature records the following standard was adopted for interpreting distribution ranges in Krombein (1979): Species with entries in the form of “Canada and U-S. east of 100" meridian”, or “transcontinental in Transition and Austral Zones” were considered published Ontario records if the presence of the species was confirmed by specimens in collections. However, species with catalog entries like “Upper and Lower Austral Zones of North America” were treated as unrecorded because the Upper Austral Zone merely touches extreme southwestern Ontario along the shore of Lake Erie, including the Niagara Peninsula (see Scudder 1979, Fig. 3.11).

Recording species distributions within Ontario. The locality records under each species are arranged according to Ontario’s primary administrative divisions (Figs 1, 2). Unfortunately, names for these divisions sometimes vary according to the source (e.g., Natural Resources Canada 2004, Ontario Road Atlas 2003). The names adopted here are the ones used by Natural Resources Canada (2004) on their website “Geographical Names of Canada’. The following administrative divisions have alternative names (names used in Ontario Road Atlas (2003) given in parentheses): Carleton (City of Ottawa), Kent (Municipality of Chatham-Kent), Victoria (City of Kawartha Lakes), Wentworth (City of Hamilton). The following divisions have been amalgamated according to some sources: Toronto and York (Regional Municipality of York), Lincoln and Welland (Regional Municipality of Niagara), Haldimand and Norfolk (Haldimand-Norfolk Region). Formerly Ontario’s administrative divisions were either termed ‘counties’ or ‘districts’. Recently many counties have adopted alternative terms like ‘regional municipality’, “municipality”, ‘city’ or even ‘management unit’ (Ontario Road Atlas 2003). For the sake of simplicity only the names proper (excluding all attributes like ‘regional municipality’, ‘county’, ‘district’, etc.) are used in the presentation of data below.

Prey records. Prey records are given in a separate paragraph under each species where available. Females that were collected with prey are indicated by asterisks (*) or superscript numbers (e.g., ') in the data paragraph. Most prey items were identified by S.M. Paiero (University of Guelph) (all Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Tettigoniidae, Tridactylidae and Blattaria) except for Acrididae, which were determined by D.L. Johnson (Agriculture Canada, Lethbridge), and some Apoidea and Diptera identified by the author.

Specimen depositories. All material is deposited in the University of Guelph Insect Collection (DEBU) unless indicated otherwise: BAR — private collection of Brad Amal and Harold Duggan, Waterloo, Ontario; BCPM — Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia; CASC — California Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, San Francisco, California; CNCI— Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Ontario; EDUM — J.B. Wallis Museum, Entomology Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba; FEK — collection of Frank E. Kurczewski, Syracuse, New York: LEMQ — Lyman Entomological Museum, McDonald College, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec; LPC — collection of Laurence Packer, York University, Toronto, Ontario; PMAE — Provincial Museum of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta; ROME — Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario; TAMU — Department of Entomology, Texas A&M

” University, College Station, Texas; ULQC — University of Laval, Department of Biology, Quebec, Quebec; USNM — United States National Museum, Washington, D.C.

21

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Hudson Bay

James Bay

pA TB

Wf Lake Superior

0 100 200 Se eee Miles

FIGURE |. Districts of northern Ontario.

Abbreviations: Al — Algoma; Co — Cochrane; Ka — Kenora; Ni — Nipissing; RR — Rainy River; Su — Sudbury; TB — Thunder Bay; Ti — Timiskaming. Modified from: Brock University Map Library. Ontario — regional municipalities, counties & districts (PDF file). Software edition. St. Catharines, Ontario: Brock University Map Library. 2004. File name: ontario.pdf.

Other Abbreviations. Abbreviations for provinces and territories in Canada and for states in the United States are the same ones that are used by the postal systems in both countries (e.g. MB = Manitoba, MI= Michigan). Only one exception applies: records from the Province of Newfoundland and Labrador are recorded separately as “LB” (= Labrador) and “NF” (= Newfoundland excluding Labrador). Further abbreviations: ANSI = Area of Natural and Scientific Interest.

22

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Al oiasing ' é »*. <o=_Mal Quebec ea A | C &

Georgian Bay

SD 4 a ie -

Lake Huron > po / Be Var

Lake Ontario

apie

United {

United States

FIGURE 2. Counties and districts of southern Ontario.

Abbreviations: Al — Algoma; Bc — Bruce; Bt — Brant; Ca — Carleton; Df — Dufferin; Dh — Durham; El — Elgin; Es — Essex; Fr — Frontenac; Gr — Grey; Hb — Haliburton; Hd — Haldimand; Hl — Halton; Hs — Hastings; Hu — Huron; Kt — Kent; LA — Lennox and Addington; Lb — Lambton; LG — Leeds and Grenville; Li — Lincoln; Lk — Lanark; Ma — Manitoulin; Mi — Middlesex; Mu — Muskoka; Nf — Norfolk; Ni — Nipissing; Nt — Northumberland; Ox — Oxford; Pb — Peterborough; PE — Prince Edward; PI — Peel; PR — Prescott and Russell; PS — Parry Sound; Pt — Perth; Re — Renfrew; SD — Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry; Si — Simcoe; Su — Sudbury; Vi — Victoria; Wa — Waterloo; Wd — Welland; Wg — Wellington; Ww —Wentworth; Yo — York. Modified from: Brock University Map Library. Southern Ontario (PDF file). Software edition. St. Catharines, Ontario: Brock University Map Library. 2004. File name: sont.pdf.

Results

A complete list of Ontario sphecid species is given in Table I. The table includes previous literature records (examples only), gives brief information on the distribution in Canada and North America, and records the presence of species in the five major collections studied. The following section (starting on p. 32) deals only with the species newly recorded from Ontario. Specimen data is only provided for species newly recorded from Ontario, supplemented with brief information on the overall distribution, biology, and prey records from examined material. New records from other provinces were also included if available. Table II gives an overview of the distribution of newly recorded species in Ontario counties, regions and districts. The status of some rare (but previously recorded species) is discussed on p. 74. Species that were erroneously recorded from Ontario are treated on pp. 75-76. Other misidentifications in previous papers (Harrington 1902; Walker 1913; Brown 1934; Blades and Marshall 1994) are corrected in a separate section (pp. 76-77).

23

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario

Volume 134, 2003

TABLE I. Checklist of the spheciform wasps (Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, Crabronidae) of Ontario.

G

= , a ee ae ae ae ae et

ee ee eet

=< OK OC <x x KK KK OK

<x Mm KOO

CR

x <x Kr or OK OK OO

<x KK

<x a mM KK

P M Species

<<

ee ee ee ae ee es

<x

Ampulicidae Dolichurus greenei Rohwer, 1916 Ampulex canaliculata Say, 1823

Sphecidae

Chlorion aerarium Patton, 1879 Chalybion californicum (Saussure, 1867) Podium luctuosum Smith, 1856 Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1773) Sphex ichneumoneus (Linnaeus, 1758) Sphex pensylvanicus Linnaeus, 1763 /sodontia apicalis (Smith, 1856) Isodontia auripes (Fernald, 1906) Isodontia mexicana (Saussure, 1867) Palmodes dimidiatus (DeGeer, 1773) Prionyx atratus (Lepeletier, 1845) Prionyx canadensis (Provancher, 1887) Prionyx parkeri Bohart & Menke, 1963 Podalonia luctuosa (Smith, 1856) Podalonia robusta (Cresson, 1865) Podalonia violaceipennis (Lepeletier, 1845) Eremnophila aureonotata (Cameron, 1888) Ammophila azteca Cameron, 1888 Ammophila cleopatra Menke, 1964 Ammophila evansi Menke, 1964 Ammophila fernaldi (Murray, 1938) Ammophila harti (Fernald, 1931) Ammophila kennedyi (Murray, 1938) Ammophila mediata Cresson, 1865 Ammophila nigricans Dahibom, 1843 Ammophila pictipennis (Walsh, 1869) Ammophila procera Dahibom, 1843 Ammophila urnaria Dahibom, 1843

Crabronidae, Pemphredoninae Mimesa cressonii Packard, 1867 Mimesa dawsoni Mickel, 1916 Mimesa ezra (Pate, 1944)

Mimesa foxi Finnamore, 1980 Mimesa gregaria (Fox, 1898) Mimesa huron Finnamore, 1980 Mimesa lutaria (Fabricius, 1787) Mimesa maculipes Fox, 1893 Mimesa pauper Packard, 1867 Mimesa pygidialis (Malloch, 1933) Mimumesa atratina (Morawitz, 1891) Mimumesa canadensis (Malloch, 1933) Mimumesa Clypeata (Fox, 1898) Mimumesa leucopus (Say, 1837) Mimumesa longicornis (Fox, 1898) Mimumesa mellipes (Say, 1837) Mimumesa nigra (Packard, 1867) Mimumesa propinqua (Kincaid, 1900) Mimumesa sp.n. A

Pseneo simplicicornis (Fox, 1898) Psen barthi Viereck, 1907

Psen erythropoda Rohwer, 1910 Psen monticola (Packard, 1867) Psenulus pallipes (Panzer, 1798) Psenulus trisulcus (Fox, 1898) Diodontus adamsi Titus, 1909 Diodontus bidentatus Rohwer, 1911 Diodontus flavitarsis Fox, 1892 Diodontus minutus (Fabricius, 1793) Diodontus spiniferus (Mickel, 1916) Diodontus virginianus (Rohwer, 1917) Pemphredon baltica Merisuo, 1972 Pemphredon foxii Rohwer, 1917

Distribution (CDN)

Carol., Trans. Carol., Trans.

Carolinian

NS to QC, BC Carolinian

NS to QC, PE, BC QC, BC

Qc

Carolinian (Carolinian)

ac

(Carolinian)

QC, SK, BC

MB to BC (Carolinian) transcontinental transcontinental ac

ac transcontinental

QC to AB transcontinental transcontinental Carol., Trans. (Carolinian)

QC to BC

Qc

QC to BC

MB, AB

NB, QC, AB

NF to AB, PE, NT

NS to BC, LB, NT, YT NS to QC

LB to BC, PE, NT, YT ac

NF to BC, PE, NT MB to AB

LB, AB, BC, NT, YT transcontinental

LB, SK, AB, NT, YT, (AK)

QC, AB, YT

SK to BC, YT NB, QC, AB

YT

QC, BC

AB, QC Carolinian

NB, BC, NT, YT NB to MB, AB

24

Distr. (N.Am.) Literature Records

eastern eastern

transcont. transcont. eastern transcont. transcont. transcont. w. to AZ eastern

e. of Rockies transcont. transcont. transcont. transcont. transcont. transcont. eastern

e. of 100°W transcont. transcont. eastern w. to AZ w. to UT transcont. transcont. eastern eastern transcont. eastern

transcont. w. to UT w. to CO w. to WY transcont. eastern Holarctic eastern transcont. central Holarctic transcont. north.-mont. eastern eastern eastern transcont. transcont. northern eastern eastern eastern eastern Holarctic eastern transcont.? transcont. transcont. Holarctic transcont. transcont. Holarctic w. to AZ

Krombein 1979 Finnamore & Michener 1993 *)

O’Brien 1989b

H 1902, W 1913, F 1982 new (CDN)

H 1902, W 1913, BM 1963, SCS 2001 W 1913, BM 1963, SCS 2001 new

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

BM 1963

new (CDN)

BM 1963

BM 1963

new (CDN)

H 1902, W 1913, Murray 1940 Murray 1940

Murray 1940, SFG 1998

SCS 2001

Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

new

Menke 1964

new

Menke 1965

Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

Menke 1965

new

new (CDN)

H 1902, W 1913

SFG 1998

F 1983

F 1983

F 1983, SFG 1998 F 1983

F 1983

F 1983, SFG 1998 F 1983

F 1983

F 1983, SFG 1998 new

new

Krombein 1979 new

new

new (CDN)

new

H 1902, W 1913, B 1934, BMa 1994, SFG 1998 BMa 1994 undescribed species new

new

Krombein 1979 Krombein 1979 SFG 1998

new

new (CDN)

new

new

new

new

new (CDN) Dollfuss 1995 Dollfuss 1995

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario

TABLE I. — continued G C R P M Species

x x Pemphredon inornata Say, 1824 x x Pemphredon lethifer (Shuckard, 1837) Pemphredon lugubris (Fabricius, 1793)

x Pemphredon menkei Bohart, 1993

Pemphredon montana Dahlibom, 1845

Pemphredon morio vander Linden, 1829

Pemphredon pulawskii Dollfuss, 1993

x Pemphredon rugifer (Dahibom, 1844)

x Passaloecus annulatus (Say, 1837) Passaloecus areolatus Vincent, 1978 Passaloecus borealis Dahibom, 1844

X Passaloecus cuspidatus Smith, 1856

x x Passaloecus gracilis (Curtis, 1834)

x Passaloecus lineatus Vincent, 1978

X Passaloecus monilicornis Dahibom, 1842

x

x

x x

<< «x eK OK

<< KK KK OK »< »<

<x

x Passaloecus singularis Dahibom, 1844

x Stigmus americanus Packard, 1867

Xx Stigmus fraternus Say, 1824 Spilomena ampliceps Krombein, 1952

x Spilomena barberi Krombein, 1962 Spilomena pusilla (Say, 1837) Ammoplanus lenape Pate, 1937

Crabronidae, Astatinae

Diploplectron peglowi Krombein, 1939

Astata bakeri Parker, 1962

Xx Astata bicolor Say, 1823

Kick Astata leuthstromi Ashmead, 1897 Astata nubecula Cresson, 1865

x Astata occidentalis Cresson, 1881 Astata unicolor Say, 1824

Crabronidae, Crabroninae x Liris argentatus (Beauvois, 1811) x Liris beatus (Cameron, 1889) Larropsis distincta (Smith, 1856) pe Tachytes aurulentus (Fabricius, 1804) Tachytes crassus Patton, 1881 x Tachytes harpax Patton, 1881 x x Tachytes intermedius (Viereck, 1906) Tachytes pennsylvanicus Banks, 1921 Tachytes validus Cresson, 1872 x xX Tachysphex acutus (Patton, 1880) Tachysphex aethiops (Cresson, 1865) Tachysphex alpestris Rohwer, 1908 : x Tachysphex antennatus Fox, 1894 Tachysphex apicalis Fox, 1893 x Tachysphex pechumani Krombein, 1938 wrx Tachysphex pompiliformis (Panzer, 1805) x Tachysphex semirufus (Cresson, 1865) x xX Tachysphex similis Rohwer, 1910 Tachysphex tarsatus (Say, 1823) Tachysphex terminatus (Smith, 1856) Tachysphex texanus (Cresson, 1872)

< ~~ eK KOK OK

<— «x KKK KOKO <

<x< «x KK OK

<< KK OK OK =< <

< KK OK OKO KKK KKK << «KKK OK OK OK OK =< <

x xX x Lyroda subita (Say, 1837) x Plenoculus davisi Fox, 1893 x Solierella levis Williams, 1950 x x x Solierella peckhami (Ashmead, 1897) x Solierella plenoculoides (Fox, 1893) x x xX Miscophus americanus Fox, 1890 Nitela cerasicola Pate, 1937 Kix x Nitela virginiensis Rohwer, 1923 Pison koreense (Radoszkowski, 1887) X X xX xX Jrypoxylon attenuatum Smith, 1851 x Trypoxylon bidentatum Fox, 1891 i * x Trypoxylon carinatum Say, 1837 u'% Trypoxylon clarkei Krombein, 1962 X X xX xX X__ Trypoxylon clavicerum Lep. & Serville, 1828 | | ? Trypoxylon figulus (Linnaeus, 1758) xX X xX XxX xX Trypoxylon frigidum Smith, 1856

Distribution (CDN)

NS to BC, NT, YT

NF to QC, PE, BC

NF, NS, QC, AB, BC, YT NF, NB to MB, NT, YT NF to BC, PE, YT

?

Carol., Trans. Qc

MB, AB

Carol., Trans. QC, BC, NT, YT

NS to BC, NT, YT

QC, AB Carol., Trans.

NB, QC, SK to BC, NT

QC, BC transcontinental Qc

Carol., Trans. Qc

Carol., Trans. Carol. to Can.

SK, NT, YT

SK to BC transcontinental transcontinental QC, AB, BC, NT BC, Carolinian transcontinental

BC, Carolinian Carolinian transcontinental eastern Canada Carolinian Carol., Trans. Carol., Trans.

MB to BC, NT, YT

BC

AB, BC, Carolinian

Carol., Trans.

NS to BC, PE, NT, YT

SK to BC, YT NB to AB, NT QC to BC

NS, PE, QC, MB, AB

AB transcontinental QC, BC

Carol., Trans. Carol. to Can. Carol. to Can. AB, NT Carolinian

Qc

Carol., Trans. Qc

BC

Carol., Trans. Carolinian Carol., Trans. Qc transcontinental

25

Distr. (N.Am.)

Holarctic Holarctic Holarctic transcont. Holarctic intr., eastern eastern intr.?, eastern e. of Rockies eastern Holarctic transcont. intr., eastern eastern Holarctic Holarctic transcont. eastern eastern transcont. transcont. disjunct

transcont. transcont. e. of Rockies transcont. transcont. transcont. transcont.

transcont. transcont. transcont. eastern eastern eastern eastern transcont. w. to CO eastern transcont. west., e. to NE transcont. transcont. eastern Holarctic transcont. w. to MT, UT transcont. w. to AZ transcont. transcont. transcont. disjunct transcont. transcont. w. to CO eastern eastern

intr., eastern intr., eastern disjunct

e. of 100°W eastern

intr., eastern intr., eastern transcont.

Volume 134, 2003

Literature Records

H 1902, Dollfuss 1995 Dollfuss 1995, SFG 1998 H 1902, Dollfuss 1995 Dollfuss 1995

B 1934, Dollfuss 1995 new (CDN)

Dolifuss 1995

Dollfuss 1995

H 1902

SFG 1998, SCS 2001 new

H 1902, W 1913, Fye 1965, V 1978 new

SFG 1998

Fye 1965, V 1978, SFG 1998 V 1978

BMa 1994

H 1902

new (CDN)

Krombein 1979

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new

Parker 1962 Krombein 1979 (n.e.) Krombein 1979 (n.e.) new

new

H 1902, W 1913

Krombein 1979

new (CDN)

H 1902, SFG 1998, SCS 2001 Krombein 1979 (n.e.) new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new

Krombein 1979

Pulawski 1988

Pulawski 1988

new (CDN)

new

new

Kurczewski 1998a, SCS 2001 H 1902, Pulawski 1988 Pulawski 1988

Pulawski 1988

Pulawski 1988, SCS 2001 H 1902, Pulawski 1988 new

H 1902, SFG 1998

new

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new

new (CDN)

new

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

Coville 1984

Pulawski 1984, SFG 1998 H 1902, S 1940, SFG 1998

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario

TABLE I. — continued

< << <x <x KK KK KK OK < << KKK KK OK OK x< ~<

<~ <M KK KK OK OK =<

< <x <x KK OX

<~ KK KK KKK KK KKK KKK OK <x < KX

~< »< < <M KK ~< ~<

~< x< ~<

< < <x KK KK <x~ <x KKK KK OK ~< ped

<< KKK OK

<< Kx =< < <x

<x < KK

<~ <<

<< <~ KX KK OX <x < KK <x <~ KK

=<

M_ Species

Trypoxylon johnsoni Fox, 1891

Trypoxylon kolazyi Kohl, 1893

Trypoxylon pennsylvanicum Saussure, 1867 Trypoxylon richardsi Sandhouse, 1940 Trypoxylon sculleni Sandhouse, 1940 Trypoxylon clavatum Say, 1837 Trypoxylon collinum Smith, 1856 Trypoxylon lactitarse Saussure, 1867 Trypoxylon politum Say, 1837

Trypoxylon tridentatum Packard, 1867 Oxybelus bipunctatus Olivier, 1811 Oxybelus cressonii Robertson, 1889 Oxybelus decorosus (Mickel, 1916) Oxybelus emarginatus Say, 1837 Oxybelus inornatus (Robertson, 1901) Oxybelus laetus Say, 1837

Oxybelus niger Robertson, 1889

Oxybelus sericeus Robertson, 1889 Oxybelus subcornutus Cockerell, 1895 Oxybelus subulatus Robertson, 1889 Oxybelus uniglumis (Linnaeus, 1758) Anacrabro ocellatus Packard, 1866 Entomognathus lenapeorum Viereck, 1904 Entomognathus memorialis Banks, 1921 Lindenius armaticeps (Fox, 1895) Lindenius columbianus (Kohl, 1892) Rhopalum clavipes (Linnaeus, 1758) Rhopalum coarctatum (Scopoli, 1763) Rhopalum occidentale (Fox, 1895) Rhopalum pedicellatum Packard, 1867 Rhopalum rufigaster Packard, 1867 Crossocerus unicus (Patton, 1897) Crossocerus annulipes (Lep. & Brullé, 1834) Crossocerus barbipes (Dahlbom, 1845) Crossocerus harringtonii (Fox, 1895) Crossocerus impressifrons (Smith, 1856) Crossocerus leucostoma (Linnaeus, 1758) (syn.: cinctipes Provancher, 1882) Crossocerus maculipennis (Smith, 1856)

Crossocerus nigritus (Lepeletier & Brullé, 1835)

(syn.: nigricornis Provancher, 1888) Crossocerus nitidiventris (Fox, 1895) Crossocerus stictochilos Pate, 1944 Crossocerus tarsalis (Fox, 1895) Crossocerus elongatulus vand. Linden, 1829 Crossocerus lentus (Fox, 1895) Crossocerus maculiclypeus (Fox, 1895) Crossocerus minimus (Packard, 1867) Crossocerus planifemur Krombein, 1952 Crossocerus similis (Fox, 1895) Crossocerus tarsatus (Shuckard, 1837) Crabro advena Smith, 1856

Crabro argusinus Bohart, 1976

Crabro cognatus Fox, 1895

Crabro cribrellifer (Packard, 1867) Crabro digitatus Bohart, 1976

Crabro latipes Smith, 1856

Crabro monticola (Packard, 1867) Crabro nigriceps Bohart, 1976

Crabro snowii Fox, 1896

Crabro tenuiglossa Packard, 1866 Crabro tenuis Fox, 1895

Crabro vernalis (Packard, 1867) Ectemnius dilectus (Cresson, 1865) Ectemnius rufifemur (Packard, 1866) Ectemnius lapidarius (Panzer, 1804) Ectemnius ruficornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) Ectemnius cephalotes (Olivier, 1792)

Volume 134, 2003

Distribution (CDN)

Carolinian Carol., Trans. Qc

Carolinian

AB, BC Carolinian

Qc

QC

(Carolinian)

BC, Carolinian NS to QC Carolinian Carol. to Can. transcontinental Carol., Trans. Carolinian

Qc

Carol. to Can. Carol., Trans. Qc transcontinental e. of Rockies Carolinian Carolinian

e. of Rockies transcontinental QC, AB

e. of Rockies QC, BC

Carol. to Can.

transcontinental Qc transcontinental

NB to BC transcontinental

Qc

Carol., Trans. Qc

NS, QC, AB, YT NB to BC, NT, YT transcontinental NB, QC, AB, NT, YT Carolinian Carolinian transcontinental eastern Canada transcontinental

transcontinental transcontinental MB

MB, SK

QC, AB

QC to AB

NF. QC to MB, AB, BC, NT, YT AB

e. of Rockies transcontinental transcontinental Qc

26

Distr. (N.Am.)

eastern

intr., eastern w. to CO eastern disjunct

e. of Rockies eastern

w. to AZ eastern transcont. intr., eastern w. to UT

e. of 100°W transcont. eastern

e. of 100°W eastern transcont. w. to AZ

w. to CO Holarctic

e: of Rockies eastern eastern

w. to CO transcont. Holarctic intr.?, eastern transcont. w. to CO

e. of 100°W w. to MT Holarctic Holarctic transcont. eastern Holarctic

transcont. Holarctic

eastern eastern

w. to ID Holarctic transcont. transcont.

e. of Rockies eastern eastern Holarctic

e. of 100°W transcont.

w. to MT, UT eastern eastern transcont. transcont. eastern eastern

e. of Rockies transcont. transcont. transcont.

e. of Rockies Holarctic Holarctic intr., eastern

Literature Records

Krombein 1979, SFG 1998 new (CDN)

S 1940, BMa 1994, SFG 1998 Krombein 1979

new

S 1940

S 1940, Coville 1982

H 1902

Coville 1982

new

Kurczewski 1998b

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

H 1902

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

H 1902, W 1913

H 1902

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

Krombein 1979 (n.e.) Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

SFG 1998 . BMa 1994, SFG 1998

new

new (CDN)

new

new

SFG 1998, L 2000, SCS 2001 H 1902, Pate 1944

Pate 1944, SFG 1998

H 1902, SFG 1998, L 2000, SCS 2001 H 1902, Pate 1944

H 1902, SFG 1998 H 1902, B 1934, Pate 1944, L 2000

Krombein 1979

L 2000

Krombein 1979

SFG 1998, SCS 2001

SFG 1998, L 2000

F 1982, SFG 1998, SCS 2001 Krombein 1979

L 2000

Krombein 1979, L 2000 Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

H 1902, W 1913, SFG 1998 H 1902

new

H 1902, Bohart 1976 Bohart 1976

H 1902

Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

new

new

H 1902

Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

new

new

Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

B 1934, BMa 1994, SFG 1998 B 1934, BMa 1994

W 1913, SFG 1998

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario

Volume 134, 2003

TABLE I. — continued

<x Kx KK KK KK KK OK OK

SS 3 OS OS OS OS OS OS OK OS OS RK OM RM RS 8S OK OK OK KK OK OO

< <x XK KK KK KK OK

<< MK OKO

<_< Kx KK KK

<< KK KOK

»<

< << KKK OK OK

< =< ~<

< <<

< <M KK OK OOOO

<< <M OK

< <x KO

<< KK KK OK

< << KK

<

< KC KK

<< KK OX

=<

<< <x KK KK OK

<< KK KK OOK OK OK

Ectemnius maculosus (Gmelin, 1790) Ectemnius arcuatus (Say, 1837) Ectemnius continuus (Fabricius, 1804) Ectemnius decemmaculatus (Say, 1823)

Ectemnius scaber (Lepeletier & Brullé, 1834)

Ectemnius stirpicola (Packard, 1866) Ectemnius trifasciatus (Say, 1824) Ectemnius atriceps (Cresson, 1865) Ectemnius borealis (Zetterstedt, 1838)

Ectemnius dives (Lepeletier & Brullé, 1834)

Lestica confluenta (Say, 1837) Lestica producticollis (Packard, 1866)

Crabronidae, Bembicinae

Mellinus abdominalis Cresson, 1882 Mellinus bimaculatus Packard, 1867 Alysson conicus Provancher, 1889 Alysson guignardi Provancher, 1887 Alysson melleus Say, 1837

Alysson oppositus Say, 1837

Alysson triangulifer Provancher, 1887 Didineis dilata Malloch & Rohwer, 1930

Didineis latimana Malloch & Rohwer, 1930

Didineis texana (Cresson, 1872) Nysson daeckei Viereck, 1904 Nysson gagates Bradley, 1920 Nysson hesperus Bohart, 1968 Nysson lateralis Packard, 1867 Nysson simplicicornis Fox, 1896 Nysson subtilis Fox, 1896 Synnevrus aequalis (Patton, 1879) Synnevrus plagiatus (Cresson, 1882) Epinysson mellipes (Cresson, 1882) Epinysson tramosericus (Viereck, 1904)

Epinysson tuberculatus (Handlirsch, 1887)

Clitemnestra bipunctata (Say, 1824) Argogorytes nigrifrons (Smith, 1856) Gorytes atricornis Packard, 1867 Gorytes canaliculatus Packard, 1867 Gorytes deceptor Krombein, 1958 Gorytes simillimus Smith, 1856 Pseudoplisus phaleratus (Say, 1837) Lestiphorus cockerelli (Rohwer, 1909) Oryttus gracilis (Patton, 1879) Sphecius speciosus (Drury, 1773) Hoplisoides costalis (Cresson, 1872) Hoplisoides nebulosus (Packard, 1867) Hoplisoides placidus (Smith, 1856) Stizoides renicinctus (Say, 1823) Bicyrtes quadrifasciatus (Say, 1824) Bicyrtes ventralis (Say, 1824) Microbembex monodonta (Say, 1824) Stictia carolina (Fabricius, 1793) Bembix americana Fabricius, 1793 Bembix pruinosa Fox, 1895

Stictiella emarginata (Cresson, 1865)

Crabronidae, Philanthinae Philanthus albopilosus Cresson, 1865 Philanthus bilunatus Cresson, 1865 Philanthus gibbosus (Fabricius, 1775) Philanthus lepidus Cresson, 1865 Philanthus politus Say, 1824 Philanthus sanbornii Cresson, 1865 Philanthus solivagus Say, 1837 Philanthus ventilabris Fabricius, 1798 Aphilanthops frigidus (Smith, 1856) Cerceris arelate Banks, 1912

Distribution (CDN)

eastern Canada transcontinental transcontinental Carolinian (Carolinian) eastern Canada transcontinental transcontinental transcontinental transcontinental transcontinental transcontinental

AB

Carol. to Can. NB to MB transcontinental QC to MB

NB to MB transcontinental SK, AB

QC

Carolinian

NS to AB

QC to BC, YT

NB, MB, SK, BC, NT, YT

NS to MB’) Carolinian

Qc

Carolinan

QC

MB, BC

MB')

Carolinian

QC, AB

NS, QC transcontinental transcontinental

PE, QC

NB, QC, NT Carolinian Carolinian Carol., Trans. NB, PE, QC’) QC

AB, BC Carol., Trans. transcontinental e. of Rockies Carolinian NB to BC MB, AB

SK, AB

Carol., Trans. NS to AB, PE

QC to MB, BC QC to MB

QC, AB, BC transcontinental Qc

Distr. (N.Am.)

e. of 100°W transcont. Holarctic

e. of Rockies eastern

e. of 100°W transcont. transcont. Holarctic Holarctic transcont. transcont.

west., e. to ON eastern eastern transcont. e. of 100°W e. of Rockies transcont. w. to AB? eastern w. to AZ eastern transcont. transcont. eastern eastern eastern eastern transcont. transcont. eastern eastern transcont. eastern transcont. transcont. eastern w. to CO w. to CO, AZ w. to CO e. of 100°W e. of Rockies eastern, AK eastern eastern transcont.

of Rockies wanscont. e. of Rockies w. to NM transcont. transcont. transcont.

west., e. to NY w. to CO, NM transcont.

w. to CO eastern

w. to NM eastern transcont. transcont. eastern

Literature Records

H 1902, W 1913, B 1934 Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

H 1902, SFG 1998

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

H 1902, B 1934

H 1902

SFG 1998

H 1902, B 1934, SFG 1998 H 1902, W 1913

H 1902, B 1934, SFG 1998, SCS 2001

new H 1902, SFG 1998, SCS 2001 H 1902

H 1902, SFG 1998

H 1902

H 1902

H 1902

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new

new

new

H 1902

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new

new

new (CDN)

new (CDN)

new

new

Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

H 1902

Krombein 1979

H 1902, W 1913, B 1934 H 1902

new

new (CDN)

RD 1991a, SCS 2001 new (CDN)

H 1902

new (CDN)

new

new (CDN)

H 1902, W 1913

H 1902, W 1913, SCS 2001 new (CDN)

H 1902, SCS 2001 Evans & Matthews 1968 new

Krombein 1979

H 1902, W 1913, B 1934, SCS 2001 SCS 2001

new

H 1902, SFG 1998, SCS 2001 Krombein 1979

H 1902, W 1913, B 1934

Krombein 1979 (n.e.)

H 1902, SCS 2001

Scullen 1965

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario

TABLE I. — continued

Volume 134, 2003

G C R P M Species Distribution (CDN) Distr.(N.Am.) Literature Records K Xx Cerceris astarte Banks, 1913 Carol., Trans. eastern new he eX Cerceris atramontensis Banks, 1913 Qc eastern Scullen 1965, SFG 1998 x =X Cerceris clypeata Dahibom, 1844 Qc eastern Scullen 1965 X Cerceris compacta Cresson, 1865 Carolinian transcont. new (CDN) Kus Cerceris crucis Viereck & Cockerell, 1904 AB, BC transcont. new x 4X Cerceris dentifrons Cresson, 1865 Qc eastern Scullen 1965 Ke OK Cerceris deserta Say, 1824 NB to AB w. to CO Scullen 1965 x. x Cerceris echo Mickel, 1916 AB, BC, Carolinian transcont. new xX Cerceris finitima Cresson, 1865 SK transcont. new KX Cerceris fumipennis Say, 1837 BC, Carol., Trans. transcont. new x Cerceris halone Banks, 1912 MB e. of Rockies new x Cerceris insolita Cresson, 1865 Carolinian w. to AZ new (CDN) x x Cerceris kennicottii Cresson, 1865 Carolinian w. to CO new KX Cerceris nigrescens Smith, 1856 QC to BC, NT, YT transcont. H 1902, W 1913, Scullen 1965 X Cerceris nitidoides Ferguson, 1983 Qc eastern new x Cerceris occipitomaculata Packard, 1866 Carol., Trans.? w. to CO, AZ new yo Cerceris prominens Banks, 1912 MB eastern new Ey Cerceris rufopicta Smith, 1856 Qc eastern Scullen 1965 (syn.: robertsonii Fox, 1893) x Eucerceris zonata (Say, 1823) Carol., Trans. w. to WY, CO W 1913, Scullen 1968 Doubtful record: x Eucerceris flavocincta Cresson, 1865 MB to BC e. to MB new (loc. data correct?)

Explanations: The first five columns indicate the presence or absence of the species in the five largest collections: G — University of Guelph, C — Canadian National Collection, R — Royal Ontario Museum, P — Collection of Laurence Packer, M — University of Manitoba. Distribution (CDN): Distribution in Canada by provinces and territories; for species that are known from Ontario only the life zone(s) in which the species occurs is indicated: Can. — Canadian life zone, Trans. — Transition life zone, Carol. — Carolinian life zone, (Carolinian) — mostly Carolinian life zone but with some localities slightly north of it; ') unpublished data (further locality information will be provided in upcoming reviews of the genera Nysson, Epinysson and Hoplisoides). Distr. (N.Am.): Distribution in North America (includes previously unpublished data of the author in some cases): intr. — introduced; Holarctic — Holarctic species with transcontinental distribution in North America. Literature records: Only a selection of literature records is given. The Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico (Krombein 1979) is only included if this is the earliest or the only reference; (n.e.) — not explicitly mentioned from Ontario but indicated range includes Ontario (see section on recording standards in Materials and Methods); B — Brown, BM — Bohart and Menke, BMa — Blades and Marshall, F — Finnamore, H — Harrington, L — Leclercq, RD — Romel and Dykstra, S — Sandhouse, SCS — Skevington et al., SFG — Sugar et al., V— Vincent, W — Walker; *) — indirectly mentioned.

TABLE II. Distribution within Ontario of newly recorded species of spheciform wasps (Sphecidae, Crabronidae).

Abbreviations for counties, regions and districts (same as in Figures 1, 2): Bt — Brant, El — Elgin, Es — Essex, Hd — Haldimand, HI — Halton, Kt — Kent, Lb — Lambton, Li — Lincoln, Mi — Middlesex, Nf — Norfolk, Ox — Oxford, Wd — Welland, Ww —Wentworth, Bc — Bruce, Du — Dufferin, Gr — Grey, Hu — Huron, Pl — Peel, Si— Simcoe, Wa — Waterloo, Wg — Wellington, Yo — York, Ca — Carleton, Fr — Frontenac, Hs — Hastings, LG — Leeds and Grenville, Lk — Lanark, Nt — Northumberland, Pb — Peterborough, PE — Prince Edward, Vi — Victoria, Ma — Manitoulin, Mu — Muskoka, Ni — Nipissing, PS — Parry Sound, Re — Renfrew, Al — Algoma, Co — Cochrane, Ka — Kenora, RR — Rainy River, Su — Sudbury, TB — Thunder Bay. Note: The area included under the Carolinian Southwest slightly exceeds the northern limit of the Carolinian life zone.

28

Volume 134, 2003

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario

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29

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Volume 134, 2003

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario

30

Volume 134, 2003

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario

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31

Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Species newly recorded from Ontario Family Sphecidae

Podium luctuosum Smith, 1856

Ontario: Norfolk, 1 9 , Normandale Fish Culture Station, 24 July 2001, B. Arnal & H. Duggan (BAR); 59 9*), Turkey Point Provincial Park, east boundary, 42°42’37”N, 80°19°47°W, 17 August 2003, M. Buck.

Distribution. Genus and species newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S.: MI (O’Brien 1989b), NY to TX and FL, MO, KS (Bohart and Menke 1963; Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in borings in wood that are sealed with mud on the outer end. Prey are adults of Parcoblatta uhleriana (Saussure) and P. virginica (Brunner) (O’Brien 1989b).

Prey record. *) One nymphal roach, probably Parcoblatta sp.

Sphex pensylvanicus Linnaeus, 1763

Ontario: Simcoe, 10’, Springwater Provincial Park, 44°26’33”N, 79°45’41”W, 2 September 2002, M. Buck. Wellington, Guelph, 300", 24 July 1978, B. Warner & S. Giamondi, 19, 18 August 1980, D.H. Pengelly, 19, 18 October 1995, H. Raikes; 19, Aberfoyle, 14 August 1983, W. Punchihewa. Waterloo, Cambridge, 10", 28 July 1975, S. Allan, 19, 4 August 1981, R.S. Onge, 10", 20 August 1984, grass field, M. Harvey. Halton, | 9, Burlington, 16 August 1980, S. Appleby; Oakville, 10’, 18 July 1976, 10”, 31 August 1976, 10%, 30 July 1977, 10°, 3 August 1977, 20°C’, 4 August 1978, W.A. Attwater, 19, 3 August 1977, A. Konecny, 3 o'o" 19, 4 July 1978, G. Sevean & M. Lichtenberg; 20'C" 12, Hamilton, Royal Botanical Garden, 22 August 1992, J. Skevington & A. Goering. Wentworth, Hamilton, 10’, 17 August 1958, D.H. Pengelly, 19, 18 August 1975, no collector; 19, Hamilton, Cootes Paradise, 17 August 1959, no collector. Brant, 10’, Brantford Railway Prairie, 43°10’N, 80°19’ W, 24 August 2001, S.M. Paiero. Oxford, 1Q, Curries, 1955, C. Gracey. Middlesex, London, 50'C’, 21 July, 1, 10 and 22 August 1990, R.W. Turnock (EDUM), 19, 2 August 1981, E. Zaborski. Lambton, 19, Forest, 17 July 1962, Kelton & Brumpton (CNCI). Kent, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail East, 10’, 7 September 2002, oak savannah, M. Buck, 10’, 16 July 2003, dunes, H. Carscadden, 10, 9 August 2003, oak savannah, M. Buck; 19, Rondeau Provincial Park, Spicebush Trail, 42°18’9”N, 81°51°6”W, 15 August 2003, Carolinian forest, S.M. Paiero; 10’, Rondeau Provincial Park, Marsh Trail North, 42°18’N, 81°51’W, 15 August 2003, S.M. Paiero. Essex, Point Pelee, 19, 15 August 1971, B.K. Akey, 10", 28 July 1978, J. Cappleman, 19, 29 July 1978, D. Morris; Point Pelee National Park, West Beach, 10”, 28 July 2003, M. Buck, 29 ?'), 13 August 2003, M. Buck & D. Cheung; Point Pelee National Park, Old Maintenance Yard, 41°56’54”N, 82°31’14”W, 10%, 29 July 2003, 10’, 14 August 2003, M. Buck; 1 9’), Point Pelee National Park, The Tip parking lot, 41°55°3”N, 82°30°37"W, 14 August 2003, D. Cheung; 10", Union-on-the-Lake, 23 August 1984, T.D. Galloway (EDUM); Kingsville, 19, 12 August 1964, FR. Wetmore (CNCI), 10’, 8 July 1977, W.A. Attwater; 10’, River Canard, 10 July 1977, W.A. Attwater; 19, Harrow, 25 August 1997, K. Morneau; Windsor, 19, 1 August 1975, C.A. Schisler, 10, 27 July 1976, 19, 7 September 1976, J.F. Fortin, 12, 26 August 1984, E. Zaborski; 29 9, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 18 August 1983, K.N. Barber, 2 299, 1 August 1984, M.T. Kasserra, 10", 13-14 July 2001, 19, 30 August 2001, S.M. Paiero, 10", 20 July 2002, S.A. Marshall, 19, 26 August 2002, M. Buck; 10", Windsor,

Springarden Road ANSI, 27 August 2002, M. Buck; 19, no locality or collector, 10 August 1951 (CASC).

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (adventitious? Finnamore 1982): transcontinental in U.S. except northwestern states, northern Mexico (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in soft earth, often in sheltered areas. Tettigoniidae of the genera Macrocentrum, Phaneroptera and Scudderia are used as prey (Bohart and Menke 1976, O’Brien 1989b).

Prey records. ') One adult male Amblycorypha cf. oblongifolia (De Geer) (Tettigoniidae). ”) One adult female Scudderia cf. furcata furcata Brunner.

Isodontia (s. str.) apicalis (Smith, 1856)

Ontario: Essex, Point Pelee National Park, Old Maintenance Yard, 41°56’54”N, 82°31°14”W, 10°, 29 July 2003, 1c’ 32 Q, 30 July 2003, 19, 14 August 2003, M. Buck. . Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Mostly eastern U.S.: NJ to FL, west to TX, also TN, NE, AZ (Bohart and Menke 1963). Biology. Probably non-fossorial like other species of the genus (Krombein 1979). Amblycorypha (Tettigoniidae) has been recorded as prey (Bohart and Menke 1976).

Isodontia (Murrayella) auripes (Fernald, 1906)

Ontario: York, 1 2, Toronto, Don River, 9 July 1973, W.M.M. Edmonds (ROME); 1 9, Toronto, Waterfront, 7 August 1984, W.M.M. Edmonds (ROME). Waterloo, 192, Waterloo, nr. Albert McCormick Arena, July 2000, B. Arnal &-H. Duggan (BAR). Welland, 1 2, Niagara Falls, Niagara Whirlpool, 1 July 2004, J. Klymko. Middlesex, 19, London, 15 August 1989, yellow pan, D. Ferris. Kent, 19, Thamesville, 30 June 1962, S.M. Clark (CNCI); 10", Chatham, 28 August 1947, R.J. Moore. Essex, 200’, Point Pelee, 2 and 8 August 1920, “NKB” [= N.K. Bigelow] (ROME); 10’, Point Pelee National Park, The Tip parking lot, 41°55’3”N, 82°30°37”W, 14 August 2003, D. Cheung; 20°C, Pelee I., 3 July 1950, V. Kohler (ROME); 20°C" 19, Kingsville, 8 July 1977, K.N. Barber; 192, River Canard, 10 July 1977, W.A. Attwater.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S.: NY and MI south to FL, west to KS and TX (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Has been reported to breed in burrows of Melitoma and Anthophora (Apidae) in a bluff, in carpenter bee burrows and in sumac stems (Bohart and Menke 1963). The prey consists of Gryllidae and Tettigoniidae (Krombein 1979).

Palmodes dimidiatus (DeGeer, 1773)

Ontario: Lambton, 1 Q, Pinery Provincial Park, powerline, 15 July 1986, L. Packer (LPC).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Transcontinental in U.S.: MA to FL (incl. NY, PA, MI), west to ID and CA; northern Mexico (Bohart and Menke1963).

Biology. Nests in sand. Tettigoniidae of the genera Atlanticus, Dissosteira and Pediodectes are used as prey (Krombein 1979).

Prionyx parkeri Bohart & Menke, 1963

Ontario: Wellington, 10, Guelph, 18 July 1976, W.A. Attwater. Halton, 20’ 0", Oakville, 7 July 1976, W.A. Attwater. Lambton, 19 (identification tentative, see below), Pinery Provincial Park, powerline, 15 July 1986, L. Packer (LPC).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Transcontinental in U.S.: CT and NY to WA, FL to CA (Bohart and Menke 1963). Despite intensive research, the species has not yet been found in Michigan (O’Brien 1989b). Mexico south to Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Bohart and Menke 1963).

Biology. Nests in a variety of soils. Prey are Acrididae (Krombein 1979).

Note. The female from Pinery cannot be identified with certainty because the diagnostic pubescence of the pronotal lobes is worn off.

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Ammophila cleopatra Menke, 1964

Ontario: Bruce, 12, Inverhuron Provincial Park, 44°17°33”N, 81°35’28”W, 2 July 2003, front dunes, white pans, M. Buck. Kent, 19, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail, 42°15°35”N, 81°50°53”W, 7 September 2002, savannah, M. Buck. Essex, Seacliffe, 20°C’, 1 August 1975, 19, 15 August 1983, T.D. Galloway (EDUM); Point Pelee, 40% Oo (2 from malaise trap), 17- 18 July 1978, K.N. Barber & W.A. Attwater, 20°C" 19, 30-31 July 1978, J. Cappleman & W.A. Attwater, 10”, 20 June 1981, C. Farivar, 10", 14 July 1982, C. Hare, 19, 17-18 July 2003, D. Cheung; Point Pelee National Park, Old Henry Camp, 41°57°35”N, 82°31°32”W, 20°C’, 30 July 2003, M. Buck, 116°C’ 59 Q, white pans, M. Buck & D.: Cheung; 79 Q, Point Pelee National Park, The Tip parking lot, 41°55’3”N, 82°30°37”W, 14 August 2003, M. Buck; Point Pelee National Park, Visitor Centre, 12, 24 July 2003, S.M. Paiero, 19, 13 August 2003, M. Buck; Point Pelee National Park, West Beach, 10”, 29 July 2003, 1, 13 August 2003, M. Buck; Point Pelee National Park, Old Maintenance Yard, 41°56’54”N, 82°31°14”W, 19, 29 July 2003, D. Cheung, 10’, 30 July 2003, netted, M. Buck, 70°C’ 39.9, 14-15 August 2003, yellow and white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 10’, Pelee I., Fish Point, 14 August 1993, B. Larson.

British Columbia: 20'C’, Ashcroft, Hat Creek, hydro camp, 3 October 1999, malaise trap, C.S. Guppy (BCPM).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario and British Columbia. Canada: AB; transcontinental in U.S. but absent from northeastern states (no records from east of MI and north of SC), mainly western and montane; northern Mexico (Menke 1965).

Biology. Prey are caterpillars of the families Notodontidae and Noctuidae (O’Brien 1989b). In Michigan the species is restricted to dune areas (O’Brien 1989b).

Ammophila fernaldi (Murray, 1938)

Ontario: Simcoe, 19, Borden, 30 August 1948, V.W. Greene (EDUM). Norfolk, 10’, Walsingham, Regional Road 60 5.5 km W Jct. Hwys 59 & 24, Pteraphylla Farm, 19 August 1991, P.J. Carson (LPC).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1982), MB; U.S. east of Rocky Mts.; south into Mexico (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in sandy soil. Prey are caterpillars of the family Noctuidae (Krombein 1979).

Ammophila nigricans Dahibom, 1843

Ontario: Northumberland, 10’, Bewdley, 27 August 1963, J.D. van Loon. York, 10", Toronto, Humber River nr. old mill, 4 September 1999, T. Romankova (ROME). Halton, | oO’, Milton, 16 Mile Creek & 4" Line, 43°29’5”N, 79°46’27”W, 12 August 2001, river valley, S.M. Paiero. Norfolk, Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Williams, 42°42’17”N, 80°27°38”W, 10", 8 July 2000, 19, 25 July 2000, sandy field, M. Buck, 19, 3 August 2001, M. Parchami-Araghi. Kent, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail East, 42°15’35”N, 81°50’53”W, 5-7 September 2003, 29 9, white pans, 1 2, yellow pans, M. Buck. Essex, 10", Leamington, 17 August 1987, T.D. Galloway (EDUM); 1 CO’, Point Pelee, 18 July 1978, K.N. Barber; Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 10", 13-14 July 2001, 10%, 7 August 2001, 30°C’, 8-9 July 2002, 10’, 20 July 2002, 30°o' 32 Q, 30-31 July 2002 (19 from white pans), 10", 13 August 2002, 10° 19, 26-27 August 2002, M. Buck, S.M. Paiero & S.A. Marshall; 19, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie nr. Sprucewood Avenue, 12-13 September 2002, yellow pans, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Eastern U.S. (incl. MI: O’Brien 1989b; NY: Kurczewski 1998c; VT: Finnamore 1982) south to TX (Krombein 1979). Menke (1965) recorded this species from “southern Canada” without mentioning a province.

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Biology. Nests in sandy-clay soil. Prey are caterpillars of the family Noctuidae (Krombein 1979).

Ammophila pictipennis (Walsh, 1869)

Ontario: York, Toronto, 10", 10 September 1952, M.E. Hearst (ROME), 10’, 30 August 1963, J.D. van Loon. Wellington, Guelph, 12, 12 September 1959, R.E. Crawford, 19, 3 August 1975, J.M. Cumming, 19, 22 July 1979, G.M. Eden, 19, 4 August 1979, W.T. Nash, 10”, 19 July 2000, M. Cripps, 1 2,21 September 2002, gravelly wasteland, M. Buck; 10", Guelph, along Eramosa River, 8 August 1993, B. Larson & J. Glaser. Welland, 19, Niagara Falls, June 1956, H.W.H. Zavitz. Lincoln, 19, Jordan, 9 September 1914 (CNCI); 19, Vineland, 9 July 1929, W.L. Putman (CNCI); 19, Vineland Station, 9 September 1942, H.R. Boyce (CNCI). Norfolk, 10’, Turkey Point, September 1943, E.G. Ford (ROME). Lambton, 19, Pinery Provincial Park, powerline, 15 July 1986, L. Packer (LPC). Essex, Point Pelee, 20°C’ 22 9, 9 September 1954 (CNCI), 19, 1 July 1978, D. Morris; 10°, Point Pelee National Park, Old Maintenance Yard, 41°56’54’”N, 82°31°14”W, 14-15 August 2003, yellow pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 10’, Point Pelee National Park, Old Henry Camp, 41°57°35”N, 82°31°32”W, 14-15 August 2003, white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 19, Harrow, 6 September 1959, D.H. Pengelly.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Most of U.S. east of Rocky Mts. (incl. MI: O’Brien 1989b; NY: Kurczewski 1998c); south into central Mexico (Menke 1965).

Biology. Nests in sand. Prey are caterpillars of the families Noctuidae, Geometridae and Hesperiidae (Menke 1965).

Family Crabronidae Subfamily Pemphredoninae

Mimesa pygidialis (Malloch, 1933)

Ontario: Cochrane, 2 9 Q, Nellie Lake, 10 August 1961, G.K. Morris.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: MB, SK, AB; U.S.: MI, IL, WI (Finnamore, 1983), CO (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown.

Mimumesa atratina (Morawitz, 1891)

Ontario: Cochrane, 10’, Nellie Lake, 10 August 1961, G.K. Morris. Thunder Bay, 15 00 12, Neys Provincial Park, Prisoner’s Cove nr. Little Pic River, 48°47°28”N, 86°37°48”W, 16 and 18 July 2002, beach, M. Buck. Rainy River (probably), 10° 19, Island Falls, 24 August 1959, S.M. Clark (CNCI). Sudbury, 1, Capreol, 15 August 1972, W.M.M. Edmonds (ROME). Labrador: 100°C 3 2 9, Goose Bay, 13 July-13 August 1948, H.C. Friesen & W.E. Beckel (CNCI). Alberta: McMurray, 10", 20 June 1953, 10" 19, 22 June 1953, G.E. Ball (CNCD. British Columbia: 32 mi SW Terrace, 19, 8 June 1960, 10, 6 July 1960, C.H. Mann (CNCD); 1 2, Lower Post, 19 June 1948, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI); 19, Port Nelson, 26 August 1948, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI). Northwest Territories: Norman Wells, 107, 15 July 1949, 22 9, 29 and 30 July 1949, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI). Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario, Labrador, Alberta, British Columbia and the Northwest Territories. Canada: YT (Finnamore 1997); Europe, Japan (Lomholdt 1975-76). Biology. Nests in dry, decayed wood, often in abandoned insect borings. The prey consists of Issidae (Lomholdt 1975-76).

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Species recognition. The female of this species keys to M. propinqua auctt. nec Kincaid in Malloch (1933). It can be distinguished from females of other Mimumesa species with broad pygidial plates by the black flagellum, the punctate (not longitudinally striate) mesoscutum, and the all- black metasoma. The male keys to M. nigra (Packard) in Malloch (1933). Both sexes differ from other Ontario species (except Mimumesa sp. n. A, see below) by the presence of an epicnemial carina (cf. Lomholdt 1975-76).

Mimumesa clypeata (Fox, 1898)

Ontario: Thunder Bay, 10, Neys Provincial Park, Prisoner’s Cove nr. picnic area, 48°46’49"N, 86°36'53”W, 18 July 2002, beach, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for eastern Canada. Canada: AB (Finnamore 1994), YT (Finnamore 1997), NT; western U.S.: AK, WA, ID south to CA, NV, UT (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown.

Mimumesa leucopus (Say, 1837)

Ontario: Leeds and Grenville, 1 9, Greenbush, 9 September 1997, roadside, flight intercept trap, R. Hainault (CNCI). Hastings, | 9, Trent River Prairie [NE of Stirling], 44°13’N, 77°34’W, 1-10 August 1994, J.T. Kerr & L. Packer (DEBU). Halton, 10’, Bronte Creek Provincial Park, 11 August 2002, S.M. Paiero. Wentworth, 1 2, Ancaster, Newton Woods, 24 June-2 July 1996, forest, malaise trap, B. DeJonge. Norfolk, 1 9, Manestar Tract, 42°43’N, 80°27’ W, 27-30 June 1992, oak savannah, malaise trap, P.J. Carson (LPC); 292 9, Simcoe Jct., 42°51’N, 80°18’W, 14-26 August 1994, oak savannah, malaise trap, J.T. Kerr, M. deGiusti & L. Packer (LPC). Kent, 10’, Rondeau Provincial Park, 16 July-18 September 1979, mature forest, L. Masner (CNCI). Essex, 10’, Point Pelee, 25 June 1979, W.A. Attwater; 39 2, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 18-19 June 2002, yellow pans (excl. 12), M. Buck & S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1982), AB; eastern U.S.: NH, MD, DC, VA, IN, IL (Krombein 1979). Blades & Marshall (1994) erroneously recorded the species from Ontario (see section on misidentifications [pp. 76-77]).

Biology. Unknown.

Species recognition. The species is interpreted here following Finnamore (1982). His key to Mimumesa species was based on information provided by J.P. van Lith who intended to revise the genus. Unfortunately, van Lith’s work was never published. In Malloch (1933) females of both M. leucopus and M. propinqua (Kincaid) key to the former. Malloch’s female M. propinqua is in fact M. atratina (Morawitz).

Mimumesa longicornis (Fox, 1898)

Ontario: Norfolk, 12, Normandale, 4 September 1954, C.D. Miller (CNCI); 19, Manestar Tract, 42°43’N, 80°27’ W, 4-12 August 1992, oak savannah, malaise trap, J.T. Kerr, M. deGiusti & L. Packer (LPC). Lambton, 10’, Walpole I. Potawatomi Prairie, 42°33’N, 82°29’ W, 19-25 July 2001, malaise trap, Guidotti et al. (ROME). Essex, 19, Point Pelee, 19 July 1978, K.N. Barber; Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 1 2, 28-30 August 2001, unburnt prairie, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero, 19, 12-13 September 2002, yellow pans, M. Buck, 19, same except on earth between roots of fallen tree, S.M. Paiero.

New Brunswick: | 2, Kouchibouguac National Park, 15 August 1978, S.J. Miller (CNCD.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada (ON, NB). Eastern U.S.: RI, NY to FL, LA, IA; Cuba, Central America (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown.

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Mimumesa mellipes (Say, 1837)

Ontario: Carleton, 29 2, Ottawa, 9 July 1983, L. Leblanc (CNCI). Wellington, 1 9, Guelph, 29 June 1978, malaise trap, K.N. Barber; 12, Guelph, University Arboretum, 1-15 July 1991, malaise trap, M. Montes Castillo. Wentworth, 10’, Flamborough, Lawson Farm, 43°18’58”N, 80°2°26”W, 30 June 2003, alvar, yellow pans, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1982); eastern and central U.S.: NY, MD, DC, OH, IN, IL, IA, NE (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown.

Mimumesa sp. n. A

Ontario: Algoma, 10, Lake Superior Provincial Park, 18 June 1972, B.D. Beam.

New Brunswick: 10’, Kouchibouguac National Park, 6 July 1978, S.J. Miller (CNCI).

Distribution. Ontario, New Brunswick, also in northern Quebec (Buck, in prep).

Biology. Unknown.

Species recognition. This species is related to M. atratina with which it shares the complete epicnemial carina. The male differs from that species in having relatively broad elliptical tyloids on flagellomeres V-IX (less developed ones on FIV and FX) thus resembling the Palaearctic species M. dahlbomi (Wesmael). Female unknown. The specimen from Lake Superior Provincial Park bears a determination label “Psen (Mimumesa) columbianus Gittins O' det. van Lith 1976”. M. columbianus Gittins is a manuscript name that was never published.

Pseneo simplicicornis (Fox, 1898)

Ontario: Renfrew, | 2, Griffith, 17 August 1985, B.E. Cooper (CNCI). Norfolk, 1 9, Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Williams, 42°42717"N, 80°27°38"W, 25 July 2000, sandy field, white pans, M. Buck.

Distribution. Genus and species newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (van Lith 1975); eastern U.S.: NJ, PA to NC (Krombein 1979).

Biology. The species nests in dead wood and uses leafhoppers of the genus Graphocephala as prey (Krombein 1979).

Psen barthi Viereck, 1907

Ontario: Leeds and Grenville, 1 9, St. Lawrence Is. National Park, McDonald I., 4 August 1976, A. Carter (CNCI). Carleton: 10’ (identification tentative, see below), Ottawa, 8 July 1989, J.R. Vockeroth (CNCI).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC; eastern U.S.: WI, PA, CT, MD, GA (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in wood. Prey are species of the genera Atymna, Cyrtolobus and Micrutalis (Membracidae) (Krombein 1979).

Note. The male is only tentatively identified as this species because the metasomal petiole is unusually long (twice as long as tergite 1). No other species of Psen is known from eastern North America besides the three species recorded from Ontario (see Table I).

Psenulus trisulcus (Fox, 1898)

Ontario: Algoma, 1 9, Hilton Township, 23 August 1992, edge of hardwood forest and field, malaise trap, J.E. Swann. Carleton, 1 9, Ottawa, no date/collector (CNCI). Leeds and Grenville, ,19, St. Lawrence Is. National Park, Grenadier I. Centre, 24 June 1975, malaise trap (CNCD. Hastings, 19, Trent River Prairie [NE of Stirling], 44°13’N, 77°34’ W, 1-10 August 1994,

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

J.T. Kerr & L. Packer (LPC). Norfolk, Manestar Tract, 42°43’N, 80°27’ W, 29 9, 18-30 July 1992, oak savannah, malaise trap, P.J. Carson (LPC, DEBU); same except 19, 30 July-4 August 1992, 19, 4-12 August 1992, J.T. Kerr, M. deGiusti & L. Packer (LPC). Lambton, Pinery Provincial Park, powerline, 10", 4-6 June 1986 (DEBU), 20°C’, 7-10 June 1986, 10°, 18-21 June 1986, L. Packer (LPC). Kent, 1 9, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail, east parking lot, 42°15’42”N, 81°50°49”W, 16-29 July 2003, oak savannah, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall. Essex, 10’, Point Pelee National Park, de Laurier Trail, 8 June 2000, O. Lonsdale.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1982); eastern and central U.S.: NH to TN, MO, KS (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Species of this genus nest in pre-existing cavities in twigs, stems, grass or beetle- borings in wood. Prey are Aphididae and Psyllidae (Krombein 1979).

Diodontus adamsi Titus in Adams, 1909

Ontario: Thunder Bay, 72 9, Neys Provincial Park, railway crossing, 48°46’30"N, 86°35’3”W, 17-18 July 2002, M. Buck; 19, Little Pic River at Hwy 17, 48°48’5”N, 86°37°47"W, 17 July 2002, M. Buck; 1 9, Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, 2.5 km S Visitor Centre, 480°20’53"N, 88°48'11”W, 9 July 2002, old sand pit, M. Buck; 19, Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, Tee Harbour, 48°19°32”N, 88°52’48”W, 12 July 2002, beach, M. Buck. Algoma, Icewater Creek watershed, 13.5 km NNE Searchmont, Whitman Dam Road mi 11.5, 22 9, 20 June 1986, 19*), 3 July 1986, sandy access road, K.N. Barber. Sudbury, 20'C’, Sudbury, 16 and 18 June 1892, no collector (CNCD; 19, Noélville, 28 June 1975, R.E. Roughley. Renfrew, 10’, Petawawa, 7 June 1961, J.R. Vockeroth (CNCI). Lambton, Pinery Provincial Park, 19, 4-6 June 1986, malaise trap, L. Packer (LPC), 19, 10 June 1995, J. Skevington; 19, Pinery Provincial Park, powerline, 18-21 June 1986, malaise trap, L. Packer (DEBU); Port Franks, Watson Property nr. L-Lake, 29 9, 8-10 June 1996, 1Q, 13-15 June 1996, malaise trap, J. Skevington.

Saskatchewan: | 2, Nipawin, 4 August, 1968, T.C. Taylor. Alberta: 29 9, Jasper, 2 and 7 July 1971, D.H. Pengelly. British Columbia: 170’ 19, Atlin, 14 July 1955, H. Huckel (CNCI); 90'o' 39 Q, Robson, various dates, May-June, 1947-50, H.R. Foxlee (CNCI). Yukon Territory: 12, Carcross, aspen parkland, 25-28 July 1988, M. Polak & M. Wood (CNCD.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada (ON, SK, AB, BC, YT). U.S.: MI (Eighme 1989).

Biology. Unknown. Members of this genus generally nest in the ground.

Prey record. *) One unidentified aphid.

Species recognition. Males of D. adamsi, flavitarsis, and virginianus cannot be identified with the current literature. The male of adamsi has not been described and is not included in Eighme’s (1989) key. Both sexes of D. adamsi can be distinguished from the other two species by the denser and more extensive pubescence of the fore wing median cell (in flavitarsis and virginianus basal 2/3 of this cell largely bare to very sparsely setose except along fore margin) and the more densely punctate and less shining scutum. The colour of the pronotal lobe varies from black to yellow in D. adamsi males.

Diodontus bidentatus Rohwer, 1911

Ontario: Cochrane, | 2, Moose Factory, 27 August 1959, S.M. Clark (CNCI); 10", Hearst, 22 August 1964, G. Knerer (ROME). Thunder Bay, 10’, Neys Provincial Park, railway crossing, 48°46°30"N, 86°35°3”W, 17 July 2002, M. Buck; 40°C" 29 Q, Neys Provincial Park, 1.6 km SW of gate house, 48°46°39”N, 86°36°32”W, 8-19 July 2002, Vaccinium/lichen, yellow pans, M. Buck; 20'S 3Q Q, Little Pic River at Hwy 17, 48°48’5”N, 86°37°47”W, sand cliff, 15 and 17 July 2002, M. Buck; 10° 22 9, 28 km E Nipigon, 48°58’0”N, 87°58’47”W, 8 July 2002, M. Buck; 30°C" 52 Q, Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, 2.5 km S Visitor Centre, 48°20°53”N, 88°48°11”W, 9 and

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

14 July 2002, old sand pit, M. Buck; 30°C" 19, Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, Marie Louise Lake Campground, 9-14 July 2002, white pans, M. Buck; 10’, Thunder Bay, 1 July 1970, K.J.G. Deacon. Nipissing, 1 9, Algonquin Provincial Park, Lake Travers Road at hydro cut, 45°58’9”N, 77°50°37’W, 17 August 2002, M. Buck; 1 9, “Penage L.” [= Penaish Lake?], 29 June 1961, Rubus, G. Knerer (ROME). Parry Sound, 1(’, Pointe au Baril, 6 August 1978, B. Warner. Manitoulin. 10’, Manitoulin I., Carter Bay, 45°36’23”N, 82°8’27”"W, 24 June 2003, dunes, M. Buck. Carleton, Io 122 Q, Ottawa, 10 and 16 September 1913, 9 and 10 October 1913, 30 August 1914, (19 from sand pit) RW.L. Sladen (CNCI); 19, “J.F./Otta[wa]” (label cut off) from W.H. Harrington collection; Ottawa, 10", “30.7”, 12, “11.6”, “8. P. mandibularis carries a green aphid”, 1 2, “139”, “Passaloecus mandibularis Ar. 20.6.85”, probably from Guignard’s collection (CNCI). Carleton or Renfrew, 10, Arnprior, Marshall Bay, 4 August 1913, C.G. Hewitt (CNCI). Hastings, 1¢7 22 2, Madoc, 21 June 1954, J.C. Martin (CNCI); Marmora, 19, 10 July 1952,29 9, 19 July 1952 (malaise trap), J.R. Vockeroth (CNCI); 10’, Marmora area, 11 August 1959, L.K. Smith (CNCI); Chatterton, 19, 15 June 1955, 2 0'C’" 24 July 1956, J.C. Martin (CNCID); Belleville, 1 9, 5 August 1931, W.E. Steenburgh (CNCI), 19, 16 July 1950, J.C. Fisher, 19, no date/collector (CNCI); 2 O'C’" Frankford, 23 June 1954, J.C. Martin (CNCI); 12, Sydney Township, 17 June 1965, no collector (CNCI). Northumberland, |’, Brighton, 7 July 1954, J.C. Martin (CNCI). Bruce, 10’, Tobermory, 23 June 2002, bog, S.A. Marshall; 22 9, Dyers Bay, 17 July 1953 and 20 July 1954, D.H. Pengelly. Grey, 12, Ceylon, 18 June 1959, D.H. Pengelly. Simcoe, 19, Baxter, Six-Mile Lake, 8 July 1981, L. Packer (LPC). Dufferin, 10’, Primrose, 7 July 1960, D.H. Pengelly. Wellington, 10’, Guelph, 11 July 1956, D.H. Pengelly; 10’, Arkell, 23 June 1959, D.H. Pengelly; Eramosa, 10", 25 July 1959, 19, 18 July 1959, R.E. Crawford. Wentworth, 1 9, Ancaster, 8 August 1969, J.E.H. Martin (CNCI).

Quebec: 10’, Kazabazua, 24 July 1913, F W.L. Sladen (CNCI).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario and Quebec. Canada: AB (Finnamore 1994), NB; U.S.: MI, NY, PA, ND, MT, ID, CO, AK (Krombein 1979; Eighme 1989).

Biology. Unknown.

Diodontus flavitarsis Fox, 1892

Ontario: Carleton, 20'C', Ottawa, 23 August 1959, J.R. Vockeroth (CNCI, DEBU); 10’, same except 17 July 1989, damp second-growth Acer-Betula wood (CNCI). Essex, 19, Harrow, 13 August 1976, C.D. Neilsen.

Distribution. Newly recorded for eastern Canada. Canada: YT (Finnamore 1997); western U.S.: WA to CA, east to IA, MO, TX, rare in the east (PA, DC) (Eighme 1989).

Biology. Unknown.

Species recognition. Males of this species are difficult to separate from D. virginianus (see also note under D. adamsi). Eighme (1989) distinguished males of flavitarsis and virginianus based on the colour of the pronotal lobes. Unfortunately, this character is variable in virginianus (ranging from black to yellow). Both sexes of flavitarsis can be distinguished from virginianus by the slightly more produced and acute lateral angle of the transverse pronotal carina (difference usually clearer in females). Additionally, yellow coloration elements are usually developed better in flavitarsis males (tegula usually yellow to the summit, hind tibia yellow dorsally at least at base).

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Diodontus minutus (Fabricius, 1793)

Ontario: Manitoulin, Manitoulin I., Carter Bay, 45°36’23”N, 82°8°27"W, l1o’'o' 899, 23-24 June 2003, 40°C" 19, 13 July 2003, dunes, M. Buck. Carleton, 160°C" 59 9, Ottawa, May-September, 1952-1975, various collectors (all except 20’C" CNCI). Lanark, 2° Q, Fallbrook, 14 August 1974, J.T. Huber; 19, 20 mi Clayton Road, 12 September 1984, H. Goulet & L. Masner (CNCI). Lanark or Leeds and Grenville, 12, Smiths Falls, 11 September 1950, J.C. Martin (CNCI). Leeds and Grenville, 10’, Gananoque, 26 September 1981, R. St. Onge. Hastings, 30°C 29 9, Shannonville, 24 August 1949, J.C. Martin (CNCI); 19, Belleville, 16 July 1949, J.C. Martin (CNCI). Peterborough, 70°C’ 629, Norwood, various dates, 1975, 1982-84, T.D. Galloway (EDUM); 19, Serpent Mounds Provincial Park, 8 August 1983, T.D. Galloway (EDUM). Peterborough or Brant, 19, Mt. Pleasant, 10 July 1958, L.A. Kelton (CNCI). Northumberland, 10’, Brighton, 21 July 1954, J.C. Martin (CNCI). Bruce, Inverhuron Provincial Park, front dunes, 44°17°33”N, 81°35’28”W, 20°C’ 39 9 (299 in yellow pans), 2 July 2003, 10°, 25 July 2003, M. Buck, 29 9, 10 September 2003, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero. Bruce or Grey, 29 9, Hepworth, 4 July 1954 and 31 May 1977, D.H. Pengelly & K.N. Barber. Grey, 40°C’, Clarksburg, 16 August 1964, B.K.W. Wyatt; 200", Meaford, 14 June 1975, J.T. Huber. Huron, 10’, Goderich, 22 June 1977, K.N. Barber. Simcoe, 192, Honey Harbour, 26 August 1959, D.H. Pengelly; 40°C", Midland, 9 June-15 July 1974, J.T. Huber. Dufferin, 150'C' 129 Q, Primrose, July, 1955-1974, D.H. Pengelly & J.T. Huber; Mono Cliffs Provincial Park, 10° 49 9, 31 August 2002, 40°C", 21 June 2003, M. Buck. York, 12, Toronto, 24 July 1981, L. Packer (LPC). Peel, Forks of the Credit, 20°C’ 19, 22 June 1965, G. Knerer (ROME), 20°C’ 49 9, 5, 15, 18 and 26 August 1969, P. MacKay (ROME), 399, June 1981, L. Packer (LPC); 49 9, Forks of the Credit, gravel pit NW of Provincial Park, 43°49’24”N, 80°0’57”W, 3 and 5 August 2002, M. Buck; 10", Brampton, Churchville Pk., 28 June 1978, P.W. Schefter (ROME). Wellington, 29 9, Belwood, 16 and 18 July 1972, D.H. Pengelly; 340°’ 119, Guelph, May-September, 1955-2002, various collectors; Aberfoyle, 19, 24 July 1974, W.D. Husby, 20", 25 June 1956, D.H. Pengelly; 80’C’, Arkell, June-August, 1958, 1959, 1975, D.H. Pengelly & L.A. Barlow; 30’C’, Elora, 6 September 1975 and 6 August 1981, L.A. Barlow & G. Aiudi. Waterloo, 59 9, Waterloo, 11 October 1976 and 31 July 1988, D. Levin & LP. Smith; 12, Cambridge, 9 June 1980, C. Bolter. Halton, 20’C' 1 Q, Aldershot, 7 July 1955, L.A. Kelton (CNCI); 19, Milton, Woodland Trails Camp, 4 Line Nassagaweya, 43°32’51”N, 79°59’35”W, 8 August 2002, S.M. Paiero; 10°, Oakville, nr. Hwy 25 & Burnhamthorpe Road, 43°27°14”"N, 79°47°32”W, 9-10 August 2003, S.M. Paiero. Wentworth, 10’, Winona, 28 July 1948, G.G. Dustan (CNCI); 19, Ancaster, 8 August 1969, J.E.H. Martin (CNCI), 19, 9-15 July 1994, prairie, B. DeJonge. Lincoln, 32 2, Grimsby, 15 July 1955, D.H. Pengelly. Brant, 10’, Ohsweken, 19 June 1979, D. Morris; 19, Paris, 24 June 1955, D.H. Pengelly; Brantford Railway Prairie, 43°10’N, 80°19’W, 19, 24 August 2001, yellow pans, 2c", 12 July 2002, S.M. Paiero, 110° 29 9, 24 July 2002, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero. Norfolk, 1 2, Delhi-Simcoe Railway, 42°51’N, 80°23’W, 16 July 2002, S.M. Paiero; Manestar Tract, 1 9 , 20-26 August 1993, oak savannah, malaise trap, J.T. Kerr, M. deGiusti & L. Packer (LPC), 1992 2, 24 August-7 September 2001, 10° 42.9, 23 June 2002, sandy field, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero; 49 9, N limit of St. Williams Crown Forest, 42°43’4"N, 80°28°17”"W, 29 August 2001, sandy road, M. Buck. Middlesex, Komoka Feed Mill Prairie, 42°58’N, 81°25’W, 1 ©’, 11 July 2001, sweeps, 19, 14-27 July 2001, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero. Elgin, 40°C" 19, Port Burwell, 4 July 1974, J.T. Huber. Lambton, 700’, Walpole L., 11 July 1977 and 12 July 1979, K.N. Barber & W.A. Attwater. Kent, 10", Chatham, 26 July 1954, K.G. Davey (CNCI); 60°C" 229, Wheatley, 15 August 1982, T.D. Galloway (EDUM). Essex, 40'S 49 Q, Point Pelee, 20 and 28 July 1978, W.A. Attwater & D. Morris; Point Pelee National Park, Old Maintenance Yard, 41°56’54”N, 82°31°14”W, 50°C" 69 Q, 29-30 July 2003, M. Buck, ASS 3EQ, 14-15 August 2003, yellow and white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 19, Point Pelee

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

National Park, De Laurier House, 29-30 July 2003, yellow pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 320°C 42 2, Leamington, various dates, 1975, 1977, 1983-85, 1987 (EDUM); 10’, Seacliffe, 15 August 1983, T.D. Galloway (EDUM); 20°C" 79 9, Harrow, July-August, 1973-1976, R.E. Roughley, J.T. Huber & C.D. Neilsen; 19, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 19 June 2002, on earth between roots of fallen tree, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1982), BC; transcontinental in U.S.: MA to VA (incl. NY, PA, MI), west to WA, CA (Krombein 1979; Eighme 1989). Palaearctic Region (Eighme 1989).

Biology. Nests gregariously in sand (Krombein 1979).

Diodontus spiniferus (Mickel, 1916)

Ontario: Thunder Bay, 10" 19, Little Pic River at Hwy 17, 48°48’5”N, 86°37°47”W, 17 July 2002, sand cliff, M. Buck. Rainy River, 40'C’, Rainy River, 5 July 1960 and 3 August 1960, S.M. Clark (CNCI). Carleton, Ottawa, 10", “138.”, “Passaloecus mandibularis St. 11.7.85” probably from Guignard’s collection, 329, 30 August 1914, FW.L. Sladen (CNCI). Simcoe, Midland, 20°C’, 8 June 1974, 10°, 9 June 1974, 30°C’,", 14 July 1974, 10 19, 5 August 1974, J.T. Huber.

Quebec: 30°C 39 Q, Kazabazua, 4 August 1913, FR W.L. Sladen (CNCI).

Distribution. Newly recorded for eastern Canada (ON, QC). Western Canada: AB; U.S.: MD, IA, MO, MN, NE, MT, CO, CA (Eighme 1989).

Biology. Unknown.

Species recognition. The male of this species has never been described. It differs from all other Ontario species of Diodontus by the combination of a yellow mandible and a black pronotal lobe.

Diodontus virginianus (Rohwer, 1917)

Ontario: Halton, 19, Oakville, nr. Hwy 25 & Burnhamthorpe Road, 43°27’14’N, 79°47°32”W, 9 August 2002, S.M. Paiero. Wentworth, 3929, Hamilton, 9-13 July 1981, M. Sanborne (CNCI); 29 9, nr. Carluke, 12-20 July 1996, wood pile, tepee trap, B. DeJonge. Welland, 19, Niagara Falls, Niagara Whirlpool, 1 July 2004, S.M. Paiero.Norfolk, 12, Delhi-Simcoe railway line, Simcoe Junction, 1-14 August 1994, J.T. Kerr & L. Packer (LPC); Manestar Tract, 42°43’N, 80°27’ W, 29 9, 15-22 June 1992 (LPC, DEBU), 19, 27-30 June 1992, 19, 30 June-10 July 1992, 12, 10-18 July 1992, 229, 18-30 July 1992, oak savannah, malaise trap, P.J. Carson (LPC). Elgin, 12, Aylmer West, 13-17 July 1972, malaise trap, no collector (CNCI). Essex, ISOC 272 2*), Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 18-19 June 2002, females nesting in earth between roots of fallen tree, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. U.S.: VA, DC, MD, NY, OR, ID, CA (Eighme 1989).

Biology. Nests gregariously in flat soil or pockets of earth between roots, and provisions with Aphidae (Krombein 1979) and Adelgidae (see below). At Windsor, females of the cleptoparasitic fly Leucophora sociata (Meigen) (Anthomyiidae) were seen perching near and entering the Diodontus nests.

Prey records. *) Five unidentified Adelgidae.

Species recognition. See notes under D. flavitarsis and D. adamsi.

Pemphredon morio vander Linden, 1829

: Ontario: Norfolk, 12, Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Williams, 42°42°17°N, 80°27°38"W, 8 June 2001, exiting from insect boring in old log, M. Buck.

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Distribution. Newly recorded for the Nearctic Region. Widespread in Palaearctic: Europe (except Mediterranean), Turkey, Kazakhstan, Russia, Japan (Dollfuss 1995). Apparently a recent introduction.

Biology. Nests in dead wood. Prey are wingless Aphididae (Lomholdt 1975-76).

Passaloecus borealis Dahlbom, 1844

Ontario: Thunder Bay, 19, Prairie River at Hwy 17, 38 km E Terrace Bay, 48°48°4”N, 86°47’4”W, 15-19 July 2002, boggy spruce, malaise trap, M. Buck.

Quebec: James Bay Route km 66, 19, 4-12 June 1987, flight intercept trap, 229, 12

June-8 August 1987, malaise/flight intercept trap, L. Leblanc (CNCI, DEBU).

Distribution. Newly recorded for the eastern Nearctic (ON, QC). Canada: BC, NT (Vincent 1978), YT (Finnamore 1997); western U.S.: WA and MT south to UT, CO, NM (Vincent 1978).

Biology. Unknown. Other species of the genus nest in pithy plant stems, in borings in wood or abandoned galls, and prey on Aphididae and Lachnidae (Lomholdt 1975-76).

Passaloecus gracilis (Curtis, 1834)

Ontario: Carleton, 59 2, Ottawa, 1,5, 10 and 14 August 1989, damp second-growth Acer- Betula wood, J.R. Vockeroth (CNCI); 52 9, Metcalfe, 28 July 1993, B.E. Cooper (CNCI). Grey, 20'C' 19, Flesherton, Saugeen River, 2001, reared from trap nest, P.E. Hallett. Wellington, Guelph, 10°, 10 June 1975, W.A. Attwater, 32 2, 26 June 1979, D.C. Murrell, 20’C"", 28-29 June 1982, K.N. Barber. Waterloo, Cambridge, 19, 4 August 1981, C. Bolter, 12, 7 June 1984, grass field, M. Harvey. Halton, Milton, Derry Road & 4" Line, 43°31°31”N, 79°50’25”W, 10%, 28 June 2002, 10°, 19 June 2003, 19, 3 September 2003, S.M. Paiero; 1¢’ 1 9, Oakville, 13 June 1976, W.A. Attwater; 19, Oakville, nr. Hwy 25 & Burnhamthorpe Road, 43°27’14”N, 79°47’°32”W, 9-10 August 2003, S.M. Paiero. Wentworth, 1 2, Ancaster, 43°13’N, 79°59’W, 1-9 July 1994, prairie, B. DeJonge. Welland, 1 9, Fonthill, 7 August 1984, M.A. Luciani. Norfolk, 19, Manestar Tract, 42°43’N, 80°27’W, 20-26 August 1993, oak savannah, malaise trap, J.T. Kerr, M. deGiusti & L. Packer (LPC). Elgin, 12, St. Thomas, 26 June 1983, R.D. Smith. Essex, 10°, Leamington, 7 August 1985, T.D. Galloway (EDUM).

Alberta: 19, Calgary, University Farm, 12 July 1988, L. Packer (LPC).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario and Alberta. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1982); eastern U.S.: NJ, PA, OH, MI to TX along coast, IN (Krombein 1979). A western European species, probably introduced to the New World (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in dry plant stems (e.g., Phragmites, Sambucus), in insect borings in dead wood, and cynipid galls on Quercus. Prey consists of Lachnidae and Aphididae (Lomholdt 1975- 76).

Species recognition. The pale markings of this species are far more variable than indicated by Vincent (1978). Some of the examined specimens (males and females) have entirely black or dark brown mandibles, palpi, scapes, tibiae and pronotal lobes.

Spilomena ampliceps Krombein, 1952 Ontario: Muskoka, 19, Arrowhead Provincial Park, 15-17 September 1975, sweeping in seepage area, I.M. Smith (CNCI). New Brunswick: | 2, Kouchibouguac National Park, 11 July 1977, M. Ivanochko (CNCI). Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada (ON, NB). U.S.: MN, WV (Bohart and Smith 1994). Biology. Presumably nests in old beetle borings in dead wood (Krombein 1979).

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Spilomena pusilla (Say, 1837)

Ontario: Simcoe, |’, Penetang, 1 August 1955, J.G. Chillcott (CNCI). Halton, 19, Oakville, nr. Hwy 25 & Burnhamthorpe Road, 43°27°14”N, 79°47°32”W, 9 August 2002, S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. U.S.: NY (Kurczewski and Miller 1991), CT to NC (incl. NY, PA), west to CA, AZ (Bohart and Smith 1994).

Biology. Nests in abandoned burrows of Anobiidae in dead wood. Prey are larval and adult Thysanoptera (Krombein 1979).

Ammoplanus (Ammoplanellus) lenape lenape (Pate, 1937)

Ontario: Manitoulin, 29 9, Barrie I., 45°55’N, 83°37’W, 1 July 1993, alvar, screen sweep, H. Goulet (CNCID).

Distribution. Genus and species newly recorded for Canada. Nominate subspecies otherwise known from type locality only (PA: Northampton County). Subspecies olamentke (Pate 1943) from MT, CA (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Species of the nominate subgenus are believed to nest in pre-existing holes or crannies in wood and possibly provision their cells with Thysanoptera (Krombein 1979).

Species recognition. This is one of only two described eastern Nearctic species within the predominantly western tribe Ammoplanini. Identification of these tiny and cryptic wasps remains tentative until the eastern Nearctic fauna is better known.

Subfamily Astatinae

Diploplectron peglowi Krombein, 1939

Ontario: Manitoulin, 29 2, Manitoulin I., south shore nr. Poplar, 18 August 1982, M. Sharkey (CNCI); Manitoulin I., Carter Bay, 45°36’23”N, 82°8’27”W, 30°C" 19, 24 June 2003, 30°C", 27 June 2003, 40°C’ 39 9 *), 13 July 2003, M. Buck; Manitoulin I., Sand Bay, 45°48’6”N, 82°47°36”"W, 10°, 25 June 2003, 19, 17 July 2003, M. Buck; 29 9, Manitoulin I., Misery Bay Provincial Park, 45°47°37°N, 82°44’11”W, beach, 12 July 2003, M. Buck; 120’ 32.9, Manitoulin I., Union Road nr. Portage Lake, 45°46’5”N, 82°32’13”W, sandy field, 14 July 2003, M. Buck; 10’, Manitoulin I., Portage Bay, 45°45’N, 82°32’W, dunes, 21 July 2003, M. Buck. Carleton, 19, Ottawa, 25 August 1954, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI); 10’, Ottawa, Bruce Pit, 11-17 July 2000, yellow pans, L. Masner (CNCI). Bruce, Dorcas Bay, 45°11’N, 81°35’ W, 19, 19-24 August 1997, 22 9, 5-13 June 1999, 1c¢' 49 9, 30 June-21 July 2003, sand dune, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall; 50°C’. Bruce Peninsula National Park, Singing Sands, 45°11’34”N, 81°34’58”W, dunes, 8 July 2003, M. Buck; Inverhuron Provincial Park, 20’C", 2 July 2003, M. Buck, 19, 28 June-8 July 2003, 22 9, 8-20 July 2003, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall. Grey, 1 9, Hepworth dunes, 44°37°N, 81°9°W, 5 July 2003, M. Buck. Norfolk, 19, Walsingham, Regional Road 60 5.5 km W Jct. Hwys 24 & 59, Pteraphylla Farm, 19 August 1991, P.J. Carson (LPC); Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Williams, 42°42”17”N, 80°27°38”W, 10" 89.9, 24 August 2001, 30°" 19, 29 August 2001, 20°C" 19,7 September 2001, 106° 39 9, 23 June 2002, sandy field, M. Buck. Lambton, 1 9, Pinery Provincial Park, 1-30 June 1986, malaise trap, L. Packer (ROME); | Q, Pinery Provincial Park, powerline, 18- 21 June 1986, malaise trap, L. Packer (LPC). Essex, 19, Point Pelee, 21 June 1920 (CNCID).

Saskatchewan: 1 9, Great Sand Hills, 50°42’N, 109°17’W, 16-19 June 1988, W. Polak (CNCI).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario and Saskatchewan. Western Canada: YT (Finnamore 1997), NT; western U.S.: WY, ID, CO, UT, NV, CA (Krombein 1979). Rare in east: NY (Oswego County), MI (Alger, Kalkaska, Livingston and Marquette Counties) (O’Brien 1984).

Biology. Nests in sand. Prey are nymphs of various species of the families Lygaeidae (s.1.) and Rhopalidae (Krombein 1979).

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Prey record. *) One nymphal Rhyparochromidae (Lygaeidae, s.1.), probably Emblethis vicarius Horvath.

Astata nubecula Cresson, 1865

Ontario: Manitoulin, 20’ C’, Gore Bay, 16 July 1960, D.H. Pengelly. Bruce, 10’, Dyers Bay, 8 July 1953, D.H. Pengelly; 19, Crane River Road, 29 July 1997, S.A. Marshall. Norfolk, 12*), Turkey Point Provincial Park, east boundary, 42°42°37”N, 80°19°47"W, 17 August 2003, M. Buck. Essex, 12, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 30-31 July 2002, S.M. Paiero.

British Columbia: 20''C’, Penticton, | August 1974, B.K. Akey.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario and British Columbia. Canada: AB (Strickland 1947), QC (Finnamore 1982), NT; western and northern U.S. south to VA (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in hard, bare, stony soil or in sand. Prey are nymphs of various Pentatomidae (Krombein 1979).

Prey record. *) One nymphal Dendrocoris humeralis (Uhler) (Pentatomidae).

Astata occidentalis Cresson, 1881

Ontario: Halton, Milton, Woodland Trails Camp, 4" Line Nassagaweya, 43°32’51"N, 79°59’35"W, 29 9!), 15 August 2002, S.M. Paiero, 9° 2’), 18 August 2003, M. Buck; 19, Oakville, nr. Hwy 25 & Burnhamthorpe Road, 43°27°14”N, 79°47°32"W, 30 August 2003, S.M. Paiero. Norfolk, 12, Normandale Fish Culture Station, 42°43’7”N, 80°20’20”W, 23 August 2003, B. Arnal & H. Duggan (BAR). Middlesex, 19, London, 5 July 1990, R.W. Turnock (EDUM).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Recorded by Parker (1962) from the “southern provinces of Canada” without mentioning a province in particular; entire U.S.; Mexico south to Michoacan and Baja California Sur (Parker 1962). Besides the specimens from Ontario no other Canadian material was found in collections.

Biology. Nests in bare, hard-packed clay and provisions with Pentatomidae of various genera (Krombein 1979).

Prey records. ') One adult Banasa dimidiata (Say) (Pentatomidae). *) Five adult Banasa dimidiata, two adult Elasmostethus cruciatus (Say) (Acanthosomatidae). Several females were observed nesting in a small area of hard-packed soil on an abandoned unpaved road.

Subfamily Crabroninae (syn.: Larrinae)

Liris beatus (Cameron, 1889)

Ontario: Lambton, 29 9, Pinery Provincial Park, powerline, 15 July 1986, L. Packer (LPC, DEBU).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Transcontinental in U.S.: NY to TX, and WY, UT south to CA, NM (Krombein and Shanks Gingras 1984); Panama (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Preys on nymphs and adults of Gryllus species and Acheta domesticus L. (Gryllidae) (Krombein and Shanks Gingras 1984).

Tachytes crassus Patton, 1881

Ontario: Kent, 800", Rondeau Provincial Park, 14 July 1962, S.M. Clark (CNCD; 2 9 9*), Rondeau Provincial Park, Spicebush Trail, 42°18’9”N, 81°51’6”W, 15 August 2003, Carolinian forest, S.M. Paiero; Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail, east parking lot, 42°15’42”N, 81°50°49”W, 39 9, 9-10 August 2003, oak savannah, nesting in sand below roots of fallen tree,

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

M. Buck, 10", 16 August 2003, dunes, S.M. Paiero; 30'C" 1 9, Rondeau Provincial Park, Lakeshore Road, Beach Access #11, 42°1671"N, 81°50°39"W, 10 August 2003, dunes, M. Buck; 1 2, Wheatley, 9 July 1977, K.N. Barber. Essex, 19, Point Pelee, 30 July 1920, N.K. Bigelow (ROME); 10’, Seacliffe, 1 August 1975, T.D. Galloway (EDUM); 10’, Ojibway Prairie Reserve, 12 July 1982, K.N. Barber; 10", Ojibway Park, 1 August 1984, M.T. Kasserra.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S. (incl. NY, WI) to eastern TX, NE (Bohart 1994).

Biology. Nests in sand or in heavy clay-loam. Prey are nymphs and sometimes adults of Orchelimum and Conocephalus (Tettigoniidae) (Krombein 1979).

Prey record. *) One adult female Conocephalus nigropleurum (Bruner).

Tachytes harpax Patton, 1881

Ontario: Nipissing, 1c’ 22 9, Algonquin Provincial Park, Lake Travers Road NE km 36.5, 45°54’ 1”N, 77°42’45”W, 18-19 August 2002 (1 @ in yellow pans), M. Buck. Bruce, 10’, Inverhuron Provincial Park, front dunes, 44°17°33”N, 81°35’28”W, 22 August 2003, yellow pans, M. Buck. Peel, 12, Caledon East, 7 July 1989, woodlot clearing, L. Packer (LPC). Wellington, Guelph, 19, 21 July 1977, K.N. Barber, 19, 11 August 1977, D.C. Murrell, 10’, 28 July 1978, M.L.B. Farrell, 12, 31 July 1978, B. Warner. Halton, 12, Burns Conservation Area, 20 July 1980, J. Kircher. Essex, 12, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, nr. Sprucewood Avenue, 26-27 August 2002, yellow pans, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S. (incl. PA, MI, WI): MA to FL, IL and eastern TX (Bohart 1994; Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in fine silt and sand. Prey is Conocephalus brevipennis (Scudder) (Tettigoniidae) (Krombein 1979).

Tachytes intermedius (Viereck, 1906)

Ontario: Peterborough, 10’, Norwood, 5 July 1977, T.D. Galloway (EDUM). Lambton, 1Q, Pinery Provincial Park, 5 August 1986, malaise trap, L. Packer (LPC). Kent, 39 2, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail, east parking lot, 42°15’42”N, 81°50°49”W, 9-10 August 2003, dunes, yellow and white pans, M. Buck; 10’, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail East, 42°15°35”N, 81°50°53”W, 9-10 August 2003, savannah, white pans, M. Buck. Essex, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 19 , 30-31 July 2002, 1 9, 26-27 August 2002, S.M. Paiero, 10’ 22 9, 27 August 2002, 10° 22 2*), 13 September 2002, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S.: NY to FL, west to NE, TX (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in sand and preys on nymphs and adults of Neotridactylus apicalis (Say) and Ellipes minutus Scudder (Tridactylidae) (Kurczewski and Kurczewski 1971).

Prey record. *) One nymphal Ellipes minutus Scudder.

Tachytes pennsylvanicus Banks, 1921

Ontario: Wellington, Guelph, 20'c’, 14 August 1974, P.G. Mason (10% deposited in CASC). Locality unknown: 19, “E Ont. Can”, no date/collector (CNCI); 1 9, “32” and “Ont. Evans”, no date (CNCI).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1982); eastern U.S. (incl. NY) west to MT, NE and TX (Bohart 1994). Apparently, older records from further west (BC; OR, _ID, CO, NM; see Krombein 1979) are due to misidentifications.

; Biology. Species of the pepticus species group of Tachytes to which this species belongs are ground-nesting and prey on Acrididae (Krombein 1979).

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Tachysphex alpestris Rohwer, 1908

Ontario: Thunder Bay, | 2, Mouth of Pic River, N side, 48°36’N, 86°18’ W, 19 July 2001, sandy area, M. Buck; 110°C" 89 9, same data except 20 July 2001, sand dunes (10° 19 deposited in CASC, 10 in CNCI); same data except 19-22 July 2001, 19, malaise trap, 20'C" 19, yellow pans, sand dunes, M. & B. Buck; 19°, Pukaskwa National Park, Beach Trail, 29 July 2003, dunes, S.M. Paiero; 80°C" 39. 9, Neys Provincial Park, Dune Trail, 48°46’52”N, 86°36’53”W, 7 July 2002, M. Buck; 600" 59 Q, Neys Provincial Park, Prisoner’s Cove nr. Little Pic River, 48°47’28”N, 86°37°48"W, 16 and 18 July 2002, beach, M. Buck; 2 O'C’, Neys Provincial Park, railway crossing, 48°46’30”N, 86°35°3”W, 17 July 2002, M. Buck; 10" 19, Terrace Bay, beach of Lake Superior, 48°46’19”N, 87°7°3”W, 15 July 2002, M. Buck; 19, Terrace Bay, 48°46’39”N, 87°6’29”"W, 15 July 2002, sandy forest edge, M. Buck; 10’, 28 km E Nipigon, 48°58’0"N, 87°58’47°W, 8 July 2002, M. Buck; 70°C", 8 Q, Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, 2.5 km S Visitor Centre, 48°20°53”N, 88°48’ 11”W, 9 and 14 July 2002, old sand pit, M. Buck. Manitoulin, 49 9, Manitoulin I., Carter Bay, 45°36’23”N, 82°8’27”W, 23-24 June 2003, dunes, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 10’, 13 July 2003, M. Buck.

The following specimens show characters intermediate with regard to Tachysphex terminatus (see note below): 20’C’, Manitoulin I., Carter Bay, 45°36’23”N, 82°8’27”W, 13 July 2003, dunes, M. Buck; 500", Manitoulin I., Union Road nr. Portage Lk., 45°46’5”N, 82°32°13”W, 14 July 2003, sandy field, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for the eastern Nearctic. Western Canada: YT (Finnamore 1997), NT, BC to MB; AK, western U.S. east to MT, NE, NM; Mexico: along Pacific and Gulf Coast south to Yucatan and Chiapas; Costa Rica (Lim6n) (Pulawski 1988).

Biology. Nests in the ground. Prey are immature Acrididae (Pulawski 1988).

Taxonomy. Pulawski (1988) indicated that this ‘species’ might just be a geographical race of T. terminatus. The two taxa are almost completely allopatric but Pulawski (l.c.) mentions seven localities in Canada, the U.S. and Mexico where both occur together. In Ontario T. alpestris is restricted to the north ranging south to Manitoulin I. (see specimen data) while T. terminatus is widespread in the south reaching Manitoulin I. in the north. On Manitoulin I. the two species appear to intergrade: The population from Carter Bay shows more similarity with T. alpestris (metapleural process small, apical metasomal segments of male black) but some specimens possess a relatively large metapleural process. In the population from Union Road most specimens resemble T. terminatus (metapleural process larger, apical metasomal segments of male red) but some specimens possess a fairly small metapleural process and the metasoma of some males is completely black (this colour form rarely occurs in terminatus, cf. Pulawski 1988; I have not seen it yet from Ontario). At neither of the two sites typical specimens of both T. alpestris and T. terminatus occur together, only typical specimens of one taxon and intermediate forms. The morphological extremes from each site are linked through intermediate forms and do not appear to be representative of different species. This could also be true for populations from other putative sympatric localities. These observations further support the hypothesis that T. alpestris is merely a subspecies of T, terminatus.

Tachysphex antennatus Fox, 1894

Ontario: York, 10’, King Township, Joker’s Hill, Koffler Scientific Reserve, 44°3’N, 79°29’ W, late August 2003, W. Godsoe. Peel, Forks of the Credit, 19, 17 June 1965, 10", 15 July 1965, G. Knerer (ROME), 10", 5 August 1969, 19, 26 August 1969, P. MacKay (ROME), 10’, June 1981, L. Packer (LPC); 290'C' 319 9*), Forks of the Credit Provincial Park, 3 August 2002, M. Buck; Forks of the Credit, gravel pit NW of Provincial Park, 43°49’24”N, 80°0’57”W, 5 August 2002 10 229, white pans, 30°C", M. Buck. Wellington, 10", Arkell, 22 July 1960, D.H. Pengelly;

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Guelph, 19, 12 July 1978, B. Warner, 10", 8 August 1978, W.A. Attwater. Halton, 1c’ 299, Milton, Woodland Trails Camp, 4" Line Nassagaweya, 43°32’51”N, 79°59’35”W, 18 August 2003, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero. Wentworth, 10’, Ancaster, 8 August 1969, J.E.H. Martin (CNCI); 250°C" 622 0c’ 22 Q in yellow and white pans), Flamborough, Lawson Farm, 43°18’58”N, 80°2°26”W, 30 June-1 July 2003, alvar, M. Buck. Brant, Brantford Railway Prairie, 43°10’N, 80°19°W, 1c, 24 August 2001,6 0'o' 1 2, 12 July 2002, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero. Norfolk, 10’, Turkey Point Tract at Regional Road 10, 42°42’2”N, 80°20°17”W, 23 August 2003, M. Buck. Middlesex, 10" 19, Komoka Feed Mill Prairie, 42°58’N, 81°25’W, 11-14 July 2001, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero. Essex, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 19, 26 August 2002, 10”, 13 September 2002, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for eastern Canada. Canada: southern BC; transcontinental in U.S.: NH and FL (incl. NY, PA, OH, MI) to OR and CA; Mexico south to Chiapas (Pulawski 1988).

Biology. Unlike most other members of the genus in Ontario this species nests in hard-packed soil. Prey are nymphal Melanoplus (Acrididae) (Pulawski 1988).

Prey record. *) One third-instar Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris) (Acrididae).

Tachysphex apicalis Fox, 1893

Ontario: Essex, 12, Windsor, Springarden Road ANSI, 31 July 2002, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: AB, BC; transcontinental in U.S. (incl. NY, MI, WI); most of Mexico south to Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Cuba; introduced to Hawaii (Pulawski 1988).

Biology. This species differs from most other Tachysphex by building its nest in sloping banks or cliffs, vertical parts of land tortoise holes, or even mortar between foundation rocks of a house. Prey are immature grasshoppers of various genera (Pulawski 1988).

Tachysphex texanus (Cresson, 1872)

Ontario: Carleton, 10’, Ottawa, Innes Point, 10 July 1985, pan trap, L. Masner (CNCI). Dufferin, 10’, Primrose, 17 July 1956, D.H. Pengelly. Wellington, 10°, Eramosa, 25 July 1959, R.E. Crawford; 10’, Arkell, 22 July 1960, D.H. Pengelly.

Distribution. Newly recorded for eastern Canada. Canada: southern AB; transcontinental in U.S.: MA and FL (incl. MI) to WA and CA; Mexico south to Jalisco (Pulawski 1988).

Biology. This species is ground-nesting and preys on immature Acrididae (Pulawski 1988).

Plenoculus davisi davisi Fox, 1893

Ontario: Thunder Bay, 10’, Thunder Bay, 13 km ENE Jct. Hwy 17 & 527, 48°31°37°N, 88°58’41”W, 10 July 2002, M. Buck; 40", same except 16 km ENE Jct. Hwy 17 & 527, 48°32’7”°N, 88°56’23”W. Sudbury, 19, Massey, 20 July 2002, sandy railway embankment, M. Buck. Parry Sound, 1 9, Powassan, 11 July 1978, J. Cappleman. Manitoulin, 10° 12, Manitoulin I., Carter Bay, 45°36’23”N, 82°8’27”W, 24 June 2003, dunes, M. Buck; 1 2, Manitoulin I., Misery Bay Provincial Park, 45°47’37”N, 82°44’11”W, 12 July 2003, beach, M. Buck; 50'o" 399. Manitoulin I., Union Road nr. Portage Lk., 45°46’5”N, 82°32’13”W, 14 July 2003, sandy field, M. Buck. Carleton, 22 9, Ottawa, 25 August 1954, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI); 10°, Nepean, Slack Road [?], 10-15 August 1992, pan trap, L. Masner (CNCI). Peterborough, Norwood, 19, 23 July 1975, 20°’ 29 F, 5-6 August 1983, 59 9, 16 August 1984, T.D. Galloway (EDUM); 10", Serpent Mound Provincial Park, 8 August 1983, T.D. Galloway (EDUM). Northumberland, Brighton,

*19, 17 July 1956, 10%, 3 August 1956, malaise trap, no collector (CNCI); 12, Murray Township,

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Murray Sand Hills, 28 July 1996, F.E. Kurczewski (FEK). Bruce, Inverhuron Provincial Park, front dunes, 44°17’33”N, 81°35’28”W, 29 9, 22 August 2003, yellow pans, 19, 2 July 2003, M. Buck. Bruce or Grey, 10, Hepworth, 26 June 1975, J.T. Huber. Grey, 200", Meaford, 14 June 1975, J.T. Huber; Hepworth dunes, 44°37’N, 81°9’W, 10" 19, 5 July 2003, 10%, 22 July 2003, M. Buck. Simcoe, Midland, 19, 6 July 1974, 19, 14 July 1974, 1c" 32Q, 26 August 1974, J.T. Huber; 19, C.F.B. Borden, 27 July 1996, FE. Kurczewski (FEK). Dufferin, Primrose, 49 9, 30 June 1955, 10° 299, 17 July 1956, D.H. Pengelly; 12, same except 6 July 1974, J.T. Huber. York, 10’, King Township, Joker’s Hill, Koffler Scientific Reserve, 44°3’N, 79°29’ W, 6 July 2003, W. Godsoe. Peel, Forks of the Credit, gravel pit NW of Provincial Park, 43°49°24”N, 80°0’57”W, 80'S" 29 9*), 3 August 2002, 40°C", 5 August 2002, M. Buck. Wellington, 10, Guelph, 27 July 1974, J.T. Huber; 20'C", Aberfoyle, 25 June 1956, D.H. Pengelly. Halton, 10° 19, Aldershot, 7 July 1955, L.A. Kelton (CNCI). Wentworth, 1 9, Ancaster, 18-25 June 1994, prairie, malaise trap, B. DeJonge. Norfolk, Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Williams, 42°42’17”N, 80°27°38”W, 30'S 19, 2 July 2000, 19, 8 July 2000, 30°C’, 8 June 2001, 180'C’, 15 June 2001, 30°C’ 299, 25 June 2001, 29 9, 3 August 2001, 22 9, 24 August 2001, 400", 23 June 2002, sandy field, M. Buck; 29 9, Delhi-Simcoe Railway, 42°51’N, 80°23’W, 16 July 2002, S.M. Paiero. Middlesex, Strathroy, 20°C", June 1922, A.A. Wood (CNCI), 10", 3 July 1914, H.F. Hudson (CNCI). Essex, 19, Point Pelee, 19 July 1978, J.M. Cumming; Point Pelee National Park, Old Maintenance Yard, 41°56’54’”N, 82°31°14”W, 70°", 29-30 July 2003, 10°, 14 August 2003, M. Buck, 107° 29 Q, 14- 15 August 2003, yellow and white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 120°C" 59 9, Leamington, various dates, 1975, 1984-85, 1987, T.D. Galloway (EDUM); 20°C’, Seacliffe, 1 August 1975, T.D. Galloway (EDUM); 30'C" 19, Windsor, Springarden Road ANSI, 31 July 2002, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: BC; U.S.: CT to FL, west to AK, ID, CA; Mexico (Krombein 1979). Finnamore (1982) recorded ssp. atlanticus Viereck from QC.

Biology. Nests in sand. Prey are nymphs and more commonly adults of various Miridae, Arhyssus lateralis (Say) (Rhopalidae) and immature Aphidae (Krombein, 1979).

Prey record. *) One adult male Adelphocoris cf. lineolatus (Goeze) (Miridae).

Solierella levis Williams, 1950

Ontario: Peel, Forks of the Credit, gravel pit NW of Provincial Park, 43°49’24"N, 80°0’57”W, 20'S 19, 3 August 2002, 50°" 1 2, 5 August 2002, along gravel road, M. Buck. Essex, 2 9 9, Leamington, 18 August 1987, T.D. Galloway (EDUM).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. U.S.: CA (Krombein 1979). CASC has specimens from CA, AZ, NV, UT, western TX (Pulawski, in /itt.).

Biology. Unknown. Specimens from Forks of the Credit were collected along an abandoned gravel road at the edge of an active gravel pit. Unlike S. peckhami and S. plenoculoides adults are not attracted by white or yellow pans.

Taxonomy. The Ontario specimens were thoroughly compared to specimens from California (material in CASC, USNM). Males differ consistently from California males by their less pointed clypeus. In both sexes the colour of the mandibles is darker than in California specimens. Otherwise eastern and western specimens are practically inseparable, including male genitalic characters (one male each examined from Forks of the Credit, ON, and Thousand Palms Canyon, Riverside County, CA, the latter in USNM).

Solierella peckhami (Ashmead, 1897)

Ontario: Thunder Bay, 10’, Mouth of Pic River, N side, 48°36’N, 86°18’W, 19-22 July 2001, sand dunes, yellow pans, M. & B. Buck; 10", Terrace Bay, 48°46’39’N, 87°6’29”W, 15 July 2002, sandy forest edge, M. Buck. Sudbury, 10’, Nairn Centre, Old Nairn Road nr. Hwy 17,

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

46°19°35°N, 81°37°6"W, 6 July 2002, M. Buck. Manitoulin, 10’, Manitoulin I., Carter Bay, 45°36°23"N, 82°8'27"W, dunes, 24 June 2003, M. Buck. Carleton, 12, Ottawa, Innes Point, 10 July 1985, pan trap, L. Masner (CNCTI); 7 km SW Carleton Place, 10", 20-26 May 1981, 20° 22 Q, 19-29 June 1981, S.J. Miller (CNCI). Leeds and Grenville, St. Lawrence Is. National Park. Grenadier I. Centre, 10°, 4 June 1975, pan trap, 12, 1 August 1975, E. Sigler (CNCD). Hastings, 12, Marmora, 8 September 1952, J.F. McAlpine (CNCI); 19, Chatterton, 15 June 1953, J.C. Martin (CNCI); Belleville, 1c’, 16 July 1949, 1 Q, 2 September 1950, J.C. Martin (CNCI). Northumberland, 1 9, Brighton, 13 July 1956, no collector, malaise trap (CNCI). Bruce, Inverhuron Provincial Park, front dunes, 44°17°33"N, 81°35’28"W, 107, 2 July 2003, netted, 29 9, 26 July 2003, white and yellow pans, 29 9, 22 August 2003, white and yellow pans, M. Buck. York, 19, King Township, Joker’s Hill, Koffler Scientific Reserve, 44°3’N, 79°29’W, 18-19 August 2003, sand pit, yellow pans, W. Godsoe. Peel, 19, Forks of the Credit Provincial Park, 3 August 2002, white pans, M. Buck; 30°C 49. Q, Forks of the Credit, gravel pit NW of Provincial Park, 43°49°24"N, 80°0°57"W, 3 and 5 August 2002, yellow and white pans (except 22 2) M. Buck. Wellington, Guelph, 10, 12 July 1953, 19, 31 June 1955, D.H. Pengelly. Waterloo, 1°, Cambridge, 21 June 1984, forest, M. Harvey. Halton, 20’C’, Milton, Woodland Trails Camp, 4" Line Nassagaweya, 43°32’51"N, 79°59°35"W, 18 August 2003, M. Buck. Wentworth, 60° o' 42 2 (40°C 39 Q in white and yellow pans), Flamborough, Lawson Farm, 43°18’58"N, 80°2’26"W, 30 June-1 July 2003, alvar, M. Buck. Brant, Brantford Railway Prairie, 43°10’N, 80°19°W, 20°o" 32 Q, 12 July 2002, yellow pans, 1c 19, 24 July 2002, S.M. Paiero. Norfolk, 19, Nixon West Prairie, 28 May 1998, yellow pans, H. Douglas (LPC); Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Williams, 42°42°17"N, 80°27°38"W, 4 2 Q, 25 July 2000, white pans, 19, 8 June 2001, yellow pans, 19, 15 June 2001, white pans, 32 2, 25 June 2001, white and yellow pans, 19, 3 August 2001, yellow pans, 292 2, 24 August 2001 white and yellow pans, 1 2, 7 September 2001, white pans, 2 OC’ 6 2, 23 June 2002, sandy field, Buck et al.. Kent, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail East, 70°" 12, 29 June 2002, netted, 10°, 7 September 2002, yellow pans, M. Buck, 19, 16-17 June 2003, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero, 20°C" 29 9, 9-10 August 2003, white pans, M. Buck, | Q, 5-7 September 2003, yellow pans, M. Buck. Essex, | 0’, Leamington, 4 August 1985, T.D. Galloway (EDUM); | CO’, Point Pelee National Park, West Beach, 29 July 2003, M. Buck; Point Pelee National Park, Old Maintenance Yard, 41°56°54"N, 82°31°14"W, 1c’ 19, 29 July 2003, netted, M. Buck, 1o0 19, 14-15 August 2003, yellow and white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 10° 29 Q, Point Pelee National Park, De Laurier House, 29-30 July 2003, white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 329, Point Pelee National Park, Old Henry Camp, 41°57°35"N, 82°31°32"W, 14-15 August 2003, white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung. Locality unknown, 19, "ex nursery in Ont.", no date/collector (CNCI).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Transcontinental in U.S.: NY to FL, west to ID, CA, introduced to Hawaii and Marshall Is. (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in cavities in twigs and plant stems. Nymphal Lygaeidae (s.1.) are used as prey (Krombein 1979).

Solierella plenoculoides plenoculoides (Fox, 1893)

Ontario: Thunder Bay, | 2, Pukaskwa National Park, Beach Trail, dunes, 29-30 July 2003, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero. Carleton, 10°, Ottawa, 30 May 1914, F.W.L. Sladen (CNCD; 20° O'". 7 km SW Carleton Place, 20-26 May 1981, S.J. Miller (CNCI). Prince Edward, 10 22 Q, Smith Bay nr. Picton, 1 July 1970, J.F. McAlpine (CNCI). Bruce, 12, Dyers Bay, 20 July 1955, D.H. Pengelly. Grey, 10°, Meaford, 14 June 1975, J.T. Huber. Welland, 10’, Wainfleet Bog 8 km S Welland, 7-13 June 1988, pan traps, A. Stirling. Wentworth, 10’, Hamilton, 9-13 July 1981, M. Sanborne (CNCI). Norfolk, 10’, Turkey Point Provincial Park, 1 June 2002, oak savannah, white

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

pans, M. Buck; Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Williams, 42°42°17"N, 80°27°38"W, 10%, 8 July 2000, on logs, 10", 23 June 2002, M. Buck. Kent, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail East, 19, 28 June 2002, M. Buck, 10°, 29 May 2003, white pans, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 19, 9- 10 August 2003, white pans, M. Buck, 10’, 13-15 August 2003, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero. Essex, 1c 19, Point Pelee National Park, De Laurier House, 29-30 July 2003, yellow and white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 19, Point Pelee National Park, Old Maintenance Yard, 41°56°54"N, 82°31°14"W, 14-15 August 2003, white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 10’, 3-6 July 2001, 107, 10-13 July 2001, 29 2, 7-10 August 2001, 1 2, 21-24 August 2001, 19, 30 August-4 September 2001, 110°C" 22 2, 30 May 2002, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero, 40°C" 22 9, 18-19 June 2002, yellow pans (excl. 1c” 19), M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 2 0 Co 6 2Q, 30-31 July 2002, white and yellow pans (excl. 16" 22 2), Buck et al., 32 9, 26-27 August 2002, yellow pans, M. Buck, 10” 29 9, 25 July 2003, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. U.S.: NY (Kurczewski and Miller 1991), NH to VA, west to CO, TX, AZ (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Has been reported to nest in goldenrod galls caused by Eurosta solidaginis (Fitch) (Tephritidae) (Krombein 1979). The prey is unknown.

Miscophus americanus Fox, 1890

Ontario: Thunder Bay, 19, 28 km E Nipigon, 48°58’0"N, 87°58’47"W, 8 July 2002, M. Buck; 20, Terrace Bay, 15 July 2002, sandy forest edge, M. Buck. Nipissing, 10’, Algonquin Provincial Park, Arowhon Road, Simm’s Pit, 45°34’ 19"N, 78°42’°41"W, 15-16 August 2002, yellow pans, M. Buck. Parry Sound, 10’, Nobel Township N of Parry Sound, 3-4 August 2002, yellow pans, E.L. Westman. Manitoulin, Manitoulin I., Carter Bay, dunes, 45°36’23"N, 82°8’27"W, 50 Co 12, 24 June 2003, 20°'o’ 49 '), 13 July 2003, M. Buck; Manitoulin I., Providence Bay, dunes, 45°39°41"N, 82°15°40"W, 1 2, 26 June 2003, 20° oh’ 39 Q, 18 July 2003, M. Buck; Manitoulin I., Sand Bay, dunes, 45°48’6"N, 82°47°36"W, 60°C" 22 9, 25 June 2003, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 10° 32 Q, 17 July 2003, M. Buck; 60°C" 19, Manitoulin I., Shrigley Bay, 45°43’33"N, 82°29’5"W, 9 July 2003, dunes, M. Buck; 90’, Manitoulin I., Misery Bay Provincial Park, 45°47°37"N, 82°44’11"W, 12 July 2003, beach, M. Buck; 40°C" 12, Manitoulin I’, Union Road nr. Portage Lk., 45°46’5"N, 82°32°13"W, 14 July 2003, sandy field, M. Buck; 40°", Manitoulin I., Dominion Bay, 45°42°19"N, 82°24’30"W, 16 July 2003, dunes, M. Buck; 20’C" 19, Manitoulin I., Square Bay, 45°42’N, 82°23’W, 19 July 2003, dunes, M. Buck; 1c’ 19, Manitoulin I., Portage Bay, 45°45’°N, 82°32’W, 21 July 2003, dunes, M. Buck. Carleton 10’, Ottawa, 25 August 1954, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI); 10", Ottawa, uplands sand pits, 25 August 1954, C.D. Miller (CNCI); 19, Ottawa Airport, 25 June-2 July 1985, pan trap, J. Denis (CNCI); 22 9, Merivale, 23 June 1953, C.D. Miller (CNCI). Prince Edward, 10 12, Smith Bay nr. Picton, 1 July 1970, J.F. McAlpine (CNCI). Peterborough, Norwood, 19, 24 August 1982, 1c" 29 9, 16 August 1984, T.D. Galloway (EDUM). Northumberland, 2° 9, Brighton, 20 and 25 July 1956, malaise trap, no collector (CNCI). Bruce, Dorcas Bay dunes, 29 9, 19-24 August 1997, malaise trap, 12, 5-13 June 1999, malaise trap, 300’, 5-19 June 1999, malaise pans, S.A. Marshall; Bruce Peninsula National Park, Singing Sands dunes, 45°11°34"N, 81°34’58"W, 10’, 2 September 1997, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall, 70°C’, 8 July 2003, M. Buck; 12, Lake Scugog, 45°7’N, 81°32’W, 1-17 August 2002, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall; Inverhuron Provincial Park, 490°C" 192 97) (190'o 112 Q in white pans, 100' CS 69 9 in yellow pans), 2 July 2003, 180° 52 2 (70'S 5QQ in white pans, 100’ in yellow pans), 26 July 2003, 12, 22 August 2003, M. Buck. Grey, Hepworth dunes, 44°37’N, 81°9°W, 50° oO 522 (20'S 3QQ in yellow pans, 20’C" 19 in white pans), 5 July 2003, M. Buck. Huron, 10 2 2, Goderich, 22 June 1977, G.J. Umphrey, A.A. Konecny & K.N. Barber. Simcoe, 19, Springwater, 0.2 km E of Provincial Park, 44°26’11"N, 79°45’ 19" W, around gravel pit, 2 September

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

2002, M. Buck. Dufferin, 1 2, Primrose, 7 July 1960, D.H. Pengelly. Peel, 19, Forks of the Credit Provincial Park, 43°49°29"N, 80°0’°14"W, 3 August 2002, white pans, M. Buck; 80°'o' 529, Forks of the Credit, gravel pit NW of Provincial Park, 43°49’24"N, 80°0’57"W, 5 August 2002, M. Buck. Wellington, 10, Rockwood, 21 July 2004, on stone wall, M. Buck. Halton, 29 9, Milton, Woodland Trails Camp, 4" Line Nassagaweya, 43°32’51"N, 79°59°35"W, 18 August 2003, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero. Norfolk, Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Wiiliams, 42°42’17"N, 80°27°38"'W, 1c 19, 2 July 2000, netted, 12, 8 July 2000, on logs, 10", 8 June 2001, netted, 12, 25 June 2001, white pans, sandy field, M. Buck, 12, 7 September 2001, white pans, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero. Middlesex, 12, Komoka Feed Mill Prairie, 11-29 September 2001, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero. Lambton, Port Franks, Watson Property nr. L-Lake, 1 2, 12-15 July 1996, malaise trap, 12, 19- 26 August 1996, pan trap, 22 9, 26 August-3 September 1996, malaise trap, J. Skevington; 19, Pinery Provincial Park, 2 September 1994, S.A. Marshall; 19, Pinery Provincial Park, powerline, 18-21 June 1986, pan traps, L. Packer (LPC). Kent, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail East, 10° 22. 9, 29 June 2002, 80°C 122 2, 7 September 2002, yellow and white pans, M. Buck, 130°C 122 Q, June-September 2003 (various dates), savannah and dunes, yellow and white pans, malaise trap and netted, various collectors; 10°, Rondeau Provincial Park, Marsh Trail North, 42°18°N, 81°51’W, 15 August 2003, S.M. Paiero. Essex, Point Pelee, 12, 8 September 1954, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI), 19, 24 August 1961, G.K. Morris, 192, 20 July 1978, pan trap, K.N. Barber, 49 Q, 21-22 July 1979, pan trap, J.M. Heraty; Point Pelee National Park, forested area by W beach, 107, 4-10 August 1999, 12, 10-21 August 1999, 19, 10-23 September 1999, malaise/ pan traps, O. Lonsdale; Point Pelee National Park, Old Maintenance Yard, 41°56’54"N, 82°31°14"W, 1c, 29 July 2003, netted, M. Buck, 60°C" 19, 14-15 August 2003, yellow and white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 10° 39 Q, Point Pelee National Park, De Laurier House, 29-30 July 2003, white and yellow pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; 3 2 Q, Point Pelee National Park, Old Henry Camp, 41°57°35"N, 82°31°32"W, 14-15 August 2003, white pans, M. Buck & D. Cheung; Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 30-31 July 2002, 19, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero & A. Staquet, 19, S.M. Paiero, 22 Q, 19 June and 30 July 2002, on earth between roots of fallen tree, M. Buck.

Alberta: 19, Lethbridge, 28 July 1916, RF W.L. Sladen (CNCID.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario and Alberta. Canada: NT; eastern U.S.: NY to FL, west to CO, KS and TX (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in loose to well-packed sand. Small spiders of the genus Theridion (Theridiidae) are used as prey (Krombein 1979).

Prey records. ') and *) One unidentified spider each.

Nitela cerasicola Pate, 1937

Ontario: Halton, Milton, Derry Road & 4" Line, 43°31°31"N, 79°50°25"W, 192, 13 July 2003, 10’, 3 September 2003, on dead trunk, S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S.: NY (Krombein 1979). Apparently there are no other published records for this species besides the type series, which was collected on Long Island.

Biology. Unknown. The prey of Nearctic Nitela is unknown. Some Palaearctic species prey on Psocoptera, Psyllidae and Aphididae (Krombein 1979).

Nitela virginiensis Rohwer, 1923

Ontario: Hastings, 10, Trent River Prairie [NE of Stirling], 44°13’N, 77°34’ W, 1-10 August 1994, J.T. Kerr & L. Packer (LPC). Northumberland, 10’, Brighton, 15 June 1955, A.P. Arthur (CNCI). Bruce, Dorcas Bay dunes, 10’, 19-30 June 1999, 19, 2-25 August 1999, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall. Wellington, 10’, Guelph, 11 July 1956, D.H. Pengelly. Wentworth, Ancaster, 19,

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

8 August 1969, J.E.H. Martin (CNCI, 60°C’, 28 June-1 July 1994, malaise trap, B. DeJonge (CNCI); Flamborough, Lawson Farm, 10”, 2-12 July 1996, 10", 29 June-5 July 1997, alvar, malaise trap, B. DeJonge. Norfolk, 12, Manestar Tract, 42°43’N, 80°27’W, 30 July-4 August 1992, oak savannah, malaise trap, J.T. Kerr, M. deGiusti & L. Packer (DEBU). Elgin, 1 Q, Aylmer West, 17- 20 July 1972, malaise trap, no collector (CNCI). Lambton, Pinery Provincial Park, 1 2, 1-30 June 1986, malaise trap, L. Packer, 10”, 14-21 June 1986, malaise trap, D.C. Darling & L. Packer (both ROME); 1, Pinery Provincial Park, powerline, 18-21 June 1986, malaise trap, L. Packer (LPC); Port Franks, Watson Property nr. L-Lake, 107, 12-15 July 1996, 22.2, 26 August-3 September 1996, malaise trap, J. Skevington; 10" 19, Port Franks, Karner Blue Sanctuary, 19-26 August 1996, malaise trap, J. Skevington. Kent, 10, Rondeau Provincial Park, Tulip Tree Trail, 26 June 1985, K.N. Barber; 49 2, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail, east parking lot, 42°15’42"N, 81°50’49"W, oak savannah, 16-29 July 2003, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1982); eastern U.S.: NY, MI, WI to FL, WV, MS (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Has been reported to nest in twigs of Rhus glabra. See also below previous species.

Pison koreense (Radoszkowski, 1887)

Ontario: Wellington, 10’, Guelph, 21 July 1978, N. Pierce. Halton, 19, Burlington, 18 August 1986, riparian woods, K.N. Barber; 12, Milton, Derry Road & 4" Line, 29 June 1999, S.M. Paiero; 1 2, Oakville, nr. Hwy 25 & Burnhamthorpe Road, 43°27’ 14"N, 79°47°32"W, 9 August 2002, S.M. Paiero. Essex, 19, Windsor, ca. 1.5 km S Ojibway Prairie, 42°13’34"N, 83°4’27"W, 30 June-17 July 2001, forest-prairie edge, malaise trap, P. Pratt; 12, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 26 August 2002, on earth between roots of fallen tree, S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Genus and species newly recorded for Canada. U.S.: NY, PA, MI, WI, IL, MD, VA, KS, TX (Kurczewski and Miller 1991; Antropov 1994). Russian Far East, eastern China, Korea, Japan (Antropov 1994). This Old World species was introduced to the eastern U.S. after World War II (Krombein 1979) and is apparently expanding its range (Kurczewski and Miller 1991).

Biology. P. koreense constructs mud cells, often in sheltered situations, and sometimes uses old nests of the mud dauber Trypoxylon politum (Say). Prey are spiders of the genera Araneus (Araneidae) and Dictyna (Dictynidae) (Menke 1988).

Trypoxylon (s. str.) attenuatum Smith, 1851

Ontario: Parry Sound, 19, N of Parry Sound, Nobel Township, 3-4 August 2002, yellow pans, E.L. Westman. Carleton, Ottawa, 29 9, August 1993 and 7 September 2002, J.R. Vockeroth (CNCD, 10", 25 May 1975, R.E. Roughley. Lanark, 39 9, 7 km SW Carleton Place, 4-11 September 1980, S.J. Miller (CNCI). Leeds and Grenville, 10’, Prescott, 7 September 1978, K.N. Barber; 12, Greenbush, 25 August 1999, flight intercept trap, R. Hainault (CNCI); 230°C" 299 Q, St. Lawrence Is. National Park, 1975-76 (CNCI), 1c’ 2 2 Q, ditto, Grenadier I. Centre (CNCI), 1, ditto, McDonald I., 13 September 1976, malaise trap, W. Reid (CNCI). Hastings, 1 0’, Foxboro, 10 June 1963, C.J. Edwards; 29 Q, Trent River Prairie, [NE of Stirling], 44°13’N, 77°34’ W, 23-31 August 1994, oak savannah, malaise trap, J.T. Kerr, M. deGiusti & L. Packer (LPC). Peterborough, 10, Miller Creek Conservation Area, 5 June 1999, W.J. Crins. Bruce, 10, Dunks Bay, 45°14’59"N, 81°38°27"W, 31 July 1997, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall; 10", Bruce Pen. National Park, Singing Sands, 45°11°34"N, 81°34’58"W, 26-31 May 2000, fen, pan traps, C.S. Onodera; Dorcas Bay, 45°11°N, 81°35’W, 19, 19-24 August 1997, 39 9, 30 June-21 July 2003, dune, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall; Emmett Lake, 10", 27 May-10 June 2000, 20" 19, 16 August 2000, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall; 12, 2 km W Tobermory, 1-3 July 1988, roadside fen, pan traps, D. Blades; 19, N of

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Boat Lake, 22 July 1977, lush forest nr. swamp, D. Maddison (ROME); 19, Pike Bay (Bruce County?), 30 July-7 August 1996. L.L. Wood; 300°C" 249 Q, Inverhuron Provincial Park, 6 June- 10 September 2003 (various dates), dunes, yellow and white pans, malaise trap and netted, M. Buck & S.A. Marshall. Grey, 12, Meaford, 30 July 1964, B.K.W. Wyatt. Huron, 200’, Goderich. 22 June 1977, A.A. Konecny & W.A. Attwater; 19, Goderich, Maitland River at Hwy 21, 20 July 1977, field, D. Maddison (ROME). Simcoe, 29 9, Beeton, 5 October 1979, D.N. Couture; 19, Barrie, April 1983, ex Rhus twig (emerged 4-6 June 1983), E.R. Fuller (ROME). Simcoe or York, 10°, Schomberg, 14 September 1975, J.T. Huber. Dufferin, 10" 12, Mono Cliffs Provincial Park, 44°3’N, 80°4’W, 31 August 2002, yellow pans, M. Buck. Peel, 2 9, Forks of the Credit Provincial Park, 43°49’29"N, 80°0’14"W, 3 August 2002, white pans, M. Buck; 19, Forks of the Credit, gravel pit NW of Provincial Park, 43°49’24"N, 80°0’57"W, 5 August 2002, white pans, M. Buck. Wellington, 159 2, Wylde Lake bog 8 km E Arthur, 20 August-23 October 1987, pan traps, S.A. Marshall; 10°, Rockwood, 21 September 1963, D.B. Stoltz; 12, Belwood, 21 June 1973, D.H. Pengelly; Guelph, 12, 11 September 1960, B.S. Heming, 1 2, 3 June 1974, R.E. Roughley, 10", 16 August 1976, P.R. Heels, 19, 23 August 1977, K.N. Barber, 10, 24-28 August 1981, 19, 7-12 September 1981, malaise trap, D. Yu, 192, 15 June 1983, G. Abayo, 10", October 1994, C. Brewer, 12, 7-10 September 2001, pan traps, J. Knopp; 10", Crieff, 2 km SE on 7th Conc., 43°24’57"N, 80°7° 18" W, 30 August 2002, S.A. Marshall. Waterloo, 59 9, Elmira, 5-28 October 1977, L. LeSage (CNCD; 19, Cambridge, 15 June 1975, W.J. Moolenbeek; 1 9, Cambridge, Cambridge Research Station, 9-12 June 1992, malaise trap, J. Skevington; 20'C' 99 Q, Oliver Bog 3 km S Galt, 13 May-11 October 1987, pan traps, D. Blades. Halton, 2C’C’, Oakville, 22 May and 13 June 1976, W.A. Attwater. Wentworth, | 9, Ancaster, 43°13’N, 79°59’ W, 28 May-4 June 1994, prairie, malaise trap, B. DeJonge; 10’, Ancaster vicinity, 43°15’N, 80°0’W, 27 May-2 June 1995, bush/prairie, malaise trap, B. DeJonge; Ancaster, Newton Woods, 10’, 10-17 June 1996, 10”, 17-24 June 1996, forest, malaise trap, B. DeJonge. Welland, 29 9, Wainfleet Bog, 8 km S Welland, 14 September- 5 October 1987, pan traps, A. Stirling; 19, Fonthill, 11 August 1984, malaise trap, M.A. Luciani. Lincoln, 10’, Vineland, 24 June 1978, D. Yu. Brant, Brantford Railway Prairie, 43°10’N, 80°19’ W, 10’, 6 June 2002, yellow pans, 10%, 12 July 2002, 19, 24 July 2002, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero. Norfolk, 12, Long Point - RARO, 20-23 June 1996, malaise trap, P.J. Carson (LPC). Lambton, 39 Q, Port Franks, Watson property nr. L-Lake, 10 June-14 August 1996, malaise trap, J. Skevington; 10’, Walpole I., 42°29.9’N, 82°29.3’W, 1-16 August 2001, marsh, malaise trap, Guidotti et al. (ROME); Walpole I., Potawatomi Prairie, 42°33’N, 82°29’W, 10%, 11-19 July 2001, 19, 19-25 July 2001, 10’, 1-16 August 2001, malaise trap, Guidotti et al. (ROME). Kent, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail East, 39 9, 29 June 2002, netted, 22 2, 7 September 2002, yellow pans, M. Buck, 20’c" 19, 29 May 2003, yellow pans, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 10° 22 9, 16-29 July 2003, malaise trap, oak savannah, S.A. Marshall; 20'C" 19, Wheatley Provincial Park, 9 June 2002, S.M. Paiero. Essex, 19, Point Pelee National Park, wooded area by W beach, 20-26 July 1999, malaise/pans, O. Lonsdale; 19, Point Pelee National Park, Visitor Centre, 29 May-9 June 2000, malaise /pans, O. Lonsdale; 19, Union-on-the-Lake, Erie beach, 18 August 1983, T.D. & C.A. Galloway (EDUM); Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 19, 28-30 August 2001, 19, 4-7 September 2001, 12, 7-11 September 2001, 20’'C"", 30 May 2002, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero, 10°, 19 June 2002, M. Buck; 22 9, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie nr. Sprucewood Avenue, 26-27 August 2002, white and yellow pans, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero.

Quebec: 20°C" 39.9, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, various dates, July, September, 1967, 1976, 1978, various collectors (LEMQ); 7 0’ 12 29, Mont St. Hilaire, various dates, July-August 1977, A.T. Finnamore (LEMQ).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada (ON, QC). A Palaearctic species that was only recently discovered in the Nearctic (U.S.): VT (Antropov 2003). Nearctic specimens were previously

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confused with the similar T. pennsylvanicum. The female collected in Guelph in 1960 represents the oldest known specimen from the Nearctic region.

Biology. Nests in hollow plant stems, usually Phragmites. Prey are spiders of various genera (Lomholdt 1975-76).

Trypoxylon (s. str.) bidentatum Fox, 1891

Ontario: Prince Edward, 10’, Smith Bay nr. Picton, 1 July 1970, J.F. McAlpine (CNCI, Antropov in litt.).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Western U.S.: WA, ID south to CA, AZ (Krombein 1979). According to Antropov (in litt.) also in BC (specimens in CNCI). Possibly adventitious in the east (see Discussion).

Biology. Nests in borings of Sambucus and was also reported from trap stems (Krombein 1979). Prey unknown, probably spiders.

Trypoxylon (s. str.) carinatum Say, 1837

Ontario: Hastings, 12, Trent River Prairie [NE of Stirling], 44°13’N, 77°34’ W, 19 July-2 August 1994, J.T. Kerr & L. Packer (LPC). Halton or Peel, Terra Cotta, 10" (head missing), reared from trap nest #50, 10’ 4 specimens (heavily damaged), reared from trap nest #54289, 2001, T. Romankova. Wentworth, Dundas, 19, 7-11 August 1972, D.M. Wood (CNCI, not examined; information provided by A. Antropov, in litt.), 20°C’, 8 July 1980, E.A. Menard; 10’, nr. Carluke, 10 June-12 July 1996, logs, tepee trap, B. DeJonge; 19, Ancaster, Newton Woods, 12- 20 July 1996, forest, malaise trap, B. DeJonge. Lincoln, 1 2, Vineland, 13 July 1979, D. Yu. Norfolk, Manestar Tract, 42°43’N, 80°27’°W, 1 9, 10-18 July 1992, 299, 18-30 July 1992, 10’ 19, 30 July-4 August 1992, malaise trap, oak savannah, P.J. Carson, J.T. Kerr, M. deGiusti & L. Packer (all LPC). Lambton, 10’, Port Franks, Karner Blue Sanctuary, 27 June-2 July 1996, malaise trap, J. Skevington; 19, same data except 22-25 July 1996; Port Franks, Watson Property nr. L-Lake, 10°, 8-12 July 1996, 19, 15-18 July 1996, malaise trap, J. Skevington. Kent, 1 9, Rondeau Provincial Park, 1-6 July 1973, malaise trap, no collector (CNCI). Essex, 19, Harrow, 11 July 1976, C.D. Neilsen. Not located: 10’, "Byron, 23/7/[?]36". The name (if it does not indicate the collector) could refer to a Byron nr. London (Middlesex County) but it is not clear whether the specimen is from Ontario.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. U.S.: east of 100" meridian, north to MA (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in wood borings. Reported prey is the spider Theridion lyricum Walckenaer (Theridiidae) (Krombein 1979).

Trypoxylon (s. str.) clarkei Krombein, 1962

Ontario: Halton, 19, Halton Hills, 24 July 1981, G. Aiudi; Oakville, nr. Hwy 25 & Burnhamthorpe Road, 43°27’14"N, 79°47°32"W, 19, 9 August 2002, 22 9, 16 August 2002, on earth between roots of fallen tree, S.M. Paiero. Wentworth, 10’, Dundas, 4 July 1980, E.A. Menard; 1Q, Hamilton, 9-13 July 1981, M. Sanborne (CNCI); 10’, nr. Carluke, 10 June-12 July 1996, logs, tepee trap, B. DeJonge; Ancaster, Newton Woods, 10", 2-12 July 1996, 19, 27 July-4 August 1996, 19, 4-10 August 1996, forest, malaise trap, B. DeJonge.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S.: MA, NY, IL to MO, FL, TX (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Reared from trap nests. Recorded prey is the spider Mangora gibberosa Hentz. (Araneidae) (Krombein 1979).

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Trypoxylon kolazyi Kohl 1893

Ontario: Wellington, Guelph, 300’, 5 July 1965, 39. 9, 12 and 19 July 1965, C.J. Edwards. Waterloo, 60°C" 119 9, Roseville, 5 May 1954, E.F. Cook; 19, Elmira, Salem Creek, 13 September 1977, L. LeSage (CNCI). Wentworth, 200’, Winona, 10 July 1952, A.R. Gittins. Middlesex, 10°, London, June 1957, N.R. Couling (CNCI, Antropov in litt.).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Introduced to eastern U.S. from Palaearctic Region: NY to GA, WV, IL, MO (Krombein 1979). Previous records from Ontario (Romel & Dykstra 1991b, Sugar et al. 1998, Skevington et al. 2001) are very likely based on misidentifications (see below).

Biology. Nests in abandoned anobiid borings in wood. Prey are adult and subadult Linyphiidae and Micryphantidae spiders (Krombein 1979).

Note. Most of the previous Ontario records of this species (Romel & Dykstra 1991b, Sugar et al. 1998) were under the synonym T. backi Sandhouse, 1940. At the time when this species was described the very similar T. clavicerum Lepeletier & Serville, another introduced Palaearctic species, was not yet recorded from the Nearctic Region. In the most recent key to Nearctic Trypoxylon (s. str.) (Sandhouse 1940) T. clavicerum keys to T. backi, leading to confusion between the two species. Even though T. clavicerum had been present in eastern North America from at least the late 1940s the species was not recorded before 1984 (Coville 1984). Coville’s small note is the only Nearctic reference to distinguish between the two species. T. clavicerum is fairly common and widespread in southern Ontario whereas T. kolazyi is very rare and has not been collected in more recent times. Considering these facts previous Ontario records of 7. kolazyi under the synonym T. backi (i.e., Romel & Dykstra 1991b, Sugar et al. 1998) are very doubtful. Some of the material on which Skevington et al. (2001) based their species list was re-examined and did not contain any T. kolazyi but did include several T. clavicerum, which was not mentioned in their list.

Trypoxylon (s. str.) sculleni Sandhouse, 1940

Ontario: Leeds and Grenville, | 0’, St. Lawrence Is. National Park, 1975/16 (CNCI, Antropov in litt.).

Distribution. Newly recorded for eastern Canada. Canada: AB (Finnamore 1994), BC; western U.S.: MT to AZ, CA (Krombein 1979). Possibly adventitious in the east (see Discussion).

Biology. Nests in cavities in twigs and stems. Prey are spiders (Krombein 1979).

Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) tridentatum tridentatum Packard, 1867

Ontario: Welland, 10’, Fonthill, 9 August 1989, M.D. Forward. Essex, 10’, Harrow, 7 August 1973, R.E. Roughley.

Distribution. Newly recorded for eastern Canada. Canada: BC; transcontinental in U.S.: CT to northern FL (incl. NY, PA, OH, MI), west to WA and CA; Mexico south to Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Coville 1982).

Biology. Nests in stems, od borings and old mud dauber nests (Krombein 1979). Prey are spiders of various families, preferably snare-building species (Coville 1982).

Oxybelus cressonii Robertson, 1889

Ontario: Kent, 1 2, Rondeau Provincial Park, group campground, 21 July 2004, D. Cheung. Lambton, 19, Port Franks, Watson Property nr. L-Lake, 14-15 August 1996, malaise trap, J. Skevington. Essex, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 30°C", 30-31 July 2002, S.M. Paiero, 80'o' 222, _ 26-27 August 2002, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 100°C" 39. Q, 12-13 September 2002, M. Buck; " Windsor, Springarden Road ANSI, 430°C" 209 9%), 31 July 2002, M. Buck, 20°" 5QQ, 27 August 2002, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero.

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Central and eastern U.S.: UT and TX east to VA, north to MI (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in sand. Prey are Diptera of several unrelated families (Chloropidae, Stratiomyidae, Chironomidae) (Krombein 1979).

Prey record. *) One male Thaumatomyia sp. (Chloropidae).

Oxybelus decorosus (Mickel, 1916)

Ontario: Sudbury, 20’ CO’, Nairn Centre, Old Nairn Road nr. Hwy 17, 46°19°35"N, 81°37’6"W, 6 July 2002, M. Buck. Lambton, 10’, Forest, 17 June 1974, J.D. Villa. Essex, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 20'0", 26-27 August 2002, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 50'o" 49.9, 12-13 September 2002, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. U.S. east of 100" meridian: VT and MN south to FL (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown. As for other members of the genus, probably ground-nesting and preying on adult Diptera.

Oxybelus inornatus (Robertson, 1901)

Ontario: Peel, 10’, Forks of the Credit, 22 June 1965, G. Knerer (ROME).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Northeastern U.S.: MI to MA, south to NC (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Pholeomyia indecora (Loew) (Milichiidae) has been recorded as prey (Krombein 1979).

Oxybelus laetus laetus Say, 1837

Ontario: Lambton, Port Franks, Watson Property nr. L-Lake, 10, 2-4 July 1996, 10’ 19, 12-15 July 1996, 19, 15-18 July 1996, 19, 18-22 July 1996, malaise trap, J. Skevington; 10’, Pinery Provincial Park, Cedar Trail, 16-20 July 1994, oak savannah, malaise trap, J. Skevington.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. U.S. east of 100" meridian: MI and MA south to TX and NC (Krombein 1979). Finnamore (1982) erroneously recorded this species from Quebec based on a misidentified female of O. subulatus (specimen in LEMQ, examined).

Biology. Unknown. As for other members of the genus, probably ground-nesting and preying on adult Diptera.

Oxybelus sericeus Robertson, 1889

Ontario: Rainy River, 29 2, Windy Point, 4 August 1960, S.M. Clark (CNCI).

Quebec: 12, New Richmond, 6 August 1954, J.E.H. Martin (CNCI).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada (ON, QC). U.S.: MA to FL, west to SD, UT, OR and CA; Mexico: Baja California, Nayarit (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in moist sand. Prey are flies of the genera Ephydra (Ephydridae) and Chaetopsis (Otitidae) (Krombein 1979).

Oxybelus subcornutus Cockerell, 1895

Ontario: Northumberland, 12, Murray Township, Murray Sand Hills, 28 July 1996, FE. Kurczewski (FEK). Wellington, Guelph, 10’, 27 June 1960, 107, 7 July 1976, D.H. Pengelly. Norfolk, 30'C’, Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Williams, 42°42’17"N, 80°27°38"W, 3 August 2001, sandy field, M. Buck; 10’, St. Williams Nursery Tract, 42°41°39"N, 80°29’7"E, 6 August 2001, A. Timpf & M. Gartshore. Essex, 10", Point Pelee, 30 July 1978, W.A. Attwater; 10%,

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

2 August 1981, G. Aiudi; Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 20°C", 30-31 July 2002, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 10, 27 August 2002, 29 2, 12-13 September 2002, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S.: East Coast to AZ, north to NY, MI: Mexico: Chihuahua (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in sand. Prey are adult Syrphidae, apparently mostly males (Krombein 1979).

Entomognathus (Toncahua) lenapeorum Viereck, 1904

Ontario: Essex, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 42°15’51"N, 83°4°30"W, 10’, 30 August 2001, S.M. Paiero, 1 2, 26 August 2002, M. Buck.

Distribution. Genus and species newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S.: PA (Kurczewski and Miller 1991), NJ to VA, KS (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown. Prey are probably adult Chrysomelidae as for other species of the genus (Krombein 1979).

Entomognathus (Toncahua) memorialis Banks, 1921

Ontario: Brant, Brantford Railway Prairie, 43°10’N, 80°19’W, 499, 12 July 2002, S.M. Paiero, 90'O' 792 Q*), 24 July 2002, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero. Lambton, 1 9, Port Franks, Watson Property nr. L-Lake, 31 July-6 August 1996, malaise trap, J. Skevington. Kent, 10’, Bothwell, 11 July 1962, S.M. Clark (CNCI); 12, Wheatley, 15 August 1982, T.D. Galloway (EDUM). Essex, 1Q*), Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 30-31 July 2002, S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S.: CT to VA, KS (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in sandy-loam cliffs, sometimes in pre-existing burrows. Prey are adults of the genus Altica (Chrysomelidae) (Krombein 1979).

Prey records. *) One adult Altica sp. each.

Rhopalum (Corynopus) occidentale (Fox, 1895)

Ontario: Algoma, 192, Wawa, 7 August 1992, D.G. Bennett. Hastings, 19, Belleville, 4 June 1932, W.E. Steenburgh (CNCI). Bruce, 10’, Fathom Five National Park, Flowerpot I., 12 July 1996, S.A. Marshall; 19, Cyprus Lake, 30 June 1954, D.H. Pengelly; 1c" 19, Dorcas Bay, 5- 13 June 1999, dunes, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall. Wentworth, Dundas, 10’, 28 May 1980, he June 1980, E.A. Menard. Norfolk, 1 2, Manestar Tract, 42°43’N, 80°27’W, 11-15 June 1992, oak savannah, malaise trap, P.J. Carson (LPC).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1982), BC; northern and western U.S.: ME, CT, NY, NC, MI, CO, WY, NV, CA, OR (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Probably ground-nesting (Bohart 1974). Prey unknown.

Rhopalum (Corynopus) pedicellatum Packard, 1867

Ontario: Algoma, 10° 19, Icewater Creek watershed, 13.5 km NNE Searchmont, Whitman Dam Road mi 11.5, 20 June 1986, sandy access road, K.N. Barber. Carleton, Ottawa, | 2 (pinned with raspberry stem), 24 August 1954, ex raspberry stem, O. Peck, 19, 15 July 1957, J.E.H. Martin (both CNCI); 19, locality not stated [= Ottawa area], W.H. Harrington collection (CNCI); 1 oO, Stittsville, 23 June 1963, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI). Hastings, 1 9, Trent River Prairie [NE of Stirling], 44°13’N, 77°34’W, 23-31 August 1994, oak savannah, malaise trap, J.T. Kerr, M. deGiusti & L. Packer (LPC). Lambton, 19, Pinery Provincial Park, 1-30 June 1986, malaise trap, L. Packer (ROME); 19, Port Franks, Karner Blue Sanctuary, 6-12 August 1994, J.T. Kerr & L. Packer (LPC). Kent, 10, Rondeau Provincial Park, 15 June-14 July 1979, malaise trap, L. Masner (CNCI).

Quebec: 1 9, “Ste Anne de la Porcatiére" [= Ste-Anne-de-la-Pocatiére], 7 August 1914, F.W.L. Sladen (CNCI); 19, St. Anne’s, 11 June 1933 (CNCI).

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada (ON, QC). U.S.: ME, MA, CT, NY, MD, WI, MN, CO (Krombein 1979). Harrington (1902) erroneously recorded the species from Ontario (see section on misidentifications [p. 76]).

Biology. Nests in pre-existing cavities in dead wood and twigs. Prey are Chironomus spp. (Chironomidae) (Krombein 1979).

Rhopalum rufigaster Packard, 1867

Ontario: Carleton, 19, Stittsville, 23 June 1963, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI). Lanark, 19, Innisville, 22 August 1963, W.R.M. Mason (CNCID); 10° 29 Q, Lanark, 2 August 1976, M.J. Sharkey; 29 Q, Fallbrook, 14 August 1974, J.T. Huber; 19, 7.5 km W Carleton Place, 14 October 2000, woods, yellow pans, L. Masner (CNCI). Leeds and Grenville, 12, Kemptville, 30 August 1983, maple forest, malaise trap, W.R.M. Mason (CNCI); 19, Lyn, 10 August 1926, FP. Ide (CNCI); 29 Q, St. Lawrence Is. National Park, Grenadier I. Centre, 18 July and 1 August 1975, E. Sigler (CNCI); 1 2, same except McDonald I., 20 August 1976, Reid (CNCI). Hastings, 19, Marmora, 14 June 1952, J.R. Vockeroth (CNCI); 19, Belleville, 16 July 1949, J.C. Martin (CNCI). Bruce, 19, Bruce Peninsula National Park, Emmett Lake, 16 August 2000, lake edge, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall. Huron, 10", Goderich, 22 June 1977, K.N. Barber. York, 1 2, Toronto, August 1937, no collector (USNM). Lincoln, 20’, Vineland, 15 June 1943, "Agrilus communis rubicola cage", H.R. Boyce (CNCI). Lambton, Pinery Provincial Park, 192, 7-10 June 1986, 19, 11-14 June 1986, 19, 18-21 June 1986, malaise trap, L. Packer (LPC). Kent, 19, "Guild" [= Guilds], 14 July 1962, S.M. Clark (CNCD; 20'o" 59 9, Rondeau Provincial Park, 22 June, 5, 10, 14, 17 and 18 July 1962, S.M. Clark (CNCI); Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail East, oak savannah, 192, 7 September 2002, M. Buck, 10", 29 May 2003, yellow pans, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 10" 12, 16-29 July 2003, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall. Essex, Point Pelee, 20°C" 29 9, 8-9 September 1954, G.S. Walley & W.R.M. Mason (CNCI); 90°C" 149 Q, 30 June 1978, 17-20 and 28-31 July 1978, W.A. Attwater, D. Morris, K.N. Barber & J. Cappleman, 20" 39 Q, June-July, 1979-1981, various collectors, 10°, 18 June 1986, no collector, 12, 14-20 July 1999, malaise/pan trap, A. Tesolin; Point Pelee National Park, Visitor Centre, 192, 29 May-9 June 2000, 19, 23 June-4 July 2000, 10”, 22-30 July 2000, malaise/pan trap, O. Lonsdale; Kingsville, 10°, 9 June 1973, R.E. Roughley, 19, 8 July 1977, K.N. Barber; 30’, Pelee I., Stone Road Alvar FON Reserve, 41°45’20"N, 82°37°54"W, 9 June 2002, M. Buck; 70°C" 18 9 Q, Pelee I., Porchuk property, 9 June-27 September 2002 (various dates), malaise trap, B. Porchuk & S.A. Marshall; 5 O’O’, Middle I., 41°41°N, 82°41’W, 11 June 2003, yellow pans, S.A. Marshall; 50'o’ 799, East Sister I. Provincial Nature Reserve, 41°49’N, 82°51’W, 30 July 2003, yellow pans (excl. 10’ 19), S.A. Marshall; Harrow, 19, 2 August 1973, R.E. Roughley, 192, 22 August 1974, J.T. Huber; 10’, Windsor, 8 June 1976, J.F. Fortin.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1983); U.S. east of 100" meridian (Krombein 1979). Harrington (1902) erroneously recorded the species from Ontario (see section on misidentifications [p. 76]).

Biology. Nests in stems and old beetle borings in wood. Prey are mainly adult Chironomidae, rarely Limoniinae (Tipulidae) and Ceratopogonidae (Krombein 1979).

Crossocerus (Ablepharipus) unicus (Patton, 1879) Ontario: Parry Sound, | 2, Kearney, M.C. VanDuzee (CASC). Brant, 19, Ohsweken, 19 June 1979, D. Morris.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: QC (Finnamore 1982), MB; U.S.: CT, NY, PA, MI, MN, IN, MT (Krombein 1979). Biology. Unknown.

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Crabro cognatus Fox, 1895

Ontario: Wellington, Guelph, 10° 19, 4 August 1978, K.N. Barber, 10, 25 August 1978, R.O. Kreuzer, 10°, 15 August 1970, K.A. Stewart; Elora, 12, 10 September 1996, soy field, A. Shekhiman, 19, 3 September 2001, mown meadow, H.R. Mattila. Waterloo, 12, Cambridge, 9 August 1981, C. Bolter.

Distribution. Newly recorded for eastern Canada. Canada: AB to MB; U.S.: NH to ID, GA to TX and UT (Miller 1976; Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown. Like other species in the genus probably ground-nesting and preying on adult Diptera.

Crabro nigriceps Bohart, 1976

Ontario: Nipissing (probably), 10°, Algonquin [Provincial Park], 10 July 1961, R.J. Pilfrey.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Known only from holotype and one paratype: Canada, MB (The Pas) and U.S., ME (Aziscoos Lake) (Bohart 1976).

Biology. Unknown. See below previous species.

Crabro snowii Fox, 1896

Ontario: Parry Sound 10’, Powassan, 11 July 1978, S.M. Ball. Essex, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 42°15°46"N, 83°4°1”W, 19, 24-27 July 2001, unburnt forest, 19, 25 July 2003, S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Newly recorded for eastern Canada. Western Canada: MB, SK; U.S.: NY to FL, MN to KS (Miller 1976; Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown. See below C. cognatus.

Crabro vernalis (Packard, 1867)

Ontario: Kenora, 20’ CO’, Ignace, 20 May 1978, J.A. Carson.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: NF, QC, MB, AB, BC, NT, YT; U.S.: AK, WY, CO, MN, IL, NJ (Bohart 1976). Krombein (1979) listed this species as “transcontinental in North America in Transitional Zone including Alaska” but there appears to be no previous record from Ontario.

Biology. Unknown. See below C. cognatus.

Ectemnius decemmaculatus decemmaculatus (Say, 1823)

Ontario: Kent, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point Trail East, 100’'o" 292 9, 7 September 2002, 40°" 59 9, 5-6 September 2003, M. Buck; 10’, Rondeau Provincial Park, South Point, 420°15’N, 810°52’W, 7 September 2003, M. Buck; 40 ' 49 Q, Rondeau Provincial Park, Lakeshore Road, Beach Access #11, 42°16’1"N, 81°50’39"W, 10 August 2003, dunes, M. Buck; 12, Rondeau Provincial Park, 16 July 2003, O. Lonsdale. Essex, 200’, Point Pelee, 16 June and 23 August 1920, N.K. Bigelow (ROME); 10’, Point Pelee National Park, De Laurier Trail, 11 August 1999, O. Lonsdale.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. U.S. east of Rocky Mts., Mexico (Bohart and Menke 1976). Harrington (1902) erroneously recorded the species from Ontario (see section on misidentifications [p. 76]).

Biology. Unknown. Probably nesting in dead wood or plant stems and preying on adult Diptera like most members of the genus.

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Ectemnius dilectus (Cresson, 1865)

Ontario: Algoma, 10’, Sault Ste. Marie, 13 July 1963, D.B. Stoltz. Essex, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 20°C", 7 August 2001, S.M. Paiero, 10", 18 June 2002, M. Buck, 200’, 20 July 2002, S.A. Marshall, 40°C" 39. Q, 26-27 August 2002, 100°C" 19, 12-13 September 2002, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 10°, 26-27 August 2002, sandy savannah, yellow pans, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for eastern Canada. Canada: AB (Strickland 1947); Transitional and Upper Austral Zones of most of the U.S. except west of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Ranges (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown. Probably ground-nesting (Krombein 1979).

Ectemnius scaber scaber (Lepeletier & Brullé, 1834)

Ontario: Wellington, 1 2, Guelph, 1 July 1974, J.T. Huber. Essex, 10’, Harrow, 6 September 1959, D.H. Pengelly; Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 30’ CO’, 18-19 June 2002, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 10° 52 Q, 30 July 2002, 10°, 27 August 2002, M. Buck; 19, Windsor, Springarden Road ANSI, 31 July 2002, S.M. Paiero.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S.: PA, NJ to FL, LA, TX, and OK (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Nests in pine (Krombein 1979). Prey unknown, probably Diptera.

Subfamily Bembicinae

Mellinus abdominalis Cresson, 1882

Ontario: Manitoulin, Manitoulin I., Carter Bay, dunes, 45°36’23"N, 82°8’27"'W, 19, 1 August 2003, S.M. Paiero, 10", 1-8 August 2003, malaise trap, M. Buck & S.A. Marshall, 19, 6-8 August 2003, yellow pans, 10", 8 August 2003, 192*), 28 August 2003, S.A. Marshall.

Saskatchewan: | 9, Tunstal [= Tunstall], 27 August 1957, A.R. & J.E. Brooks (CNCI); 110°C" 39 Q, Pike Lake, 10 August 1939, A.R. Brooks (CNCI); 19, File Lake, 9-11 July 1973, malaise trap, lakeshore, L. Masner (CNCI); 10’, Great Sand Hills, 50°42’N, 109°17’W, 16-19 June 1988, M. Polak (CNCI).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario and Saskatchewan. Canada: AB (Strickland 1947); western U.S.: ID (Johnson 1985), MT, WY, NE, CO (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Probably ground-nesting like other species of the genus (Krombein 1979). Strickland (1947) records an Anthomyiidae fly as prey.

Prey record. *) S.A. Marshall (pers. comm.) observed a female chewing on a muscoid fly (documented by photograph). Adult feeding on prey is uncommon in Crabronidae and has never been observed before in Mellinus.

Didineis dilata Malloch and Rohwer, 1930

Ontario: Wellington, 10’, Guelph, 19 July 1977, D. Levin.

Saskatchewan: 10, Willow Bunch 28 July 1955, C.D. Miller (CNCI); 1 oO’, Saskatoon, 4 August 1960, A.R. Brooks (CNCI).

Alberta: 10%, Lethbridge, 7 July 1956, O. Peck (CNCI).

Distribution. Genus and species newly recorded for Canada (ON, SK, AB). U.S.: WI, NE (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown. Probably ground-nesting and preying on Homoptera as other species of the genus (Ferton 1912).

Note. The female of this species is unknown. It might be confused with one of the following species.

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

Didineis latimana Malloch and Rohwer, 1930

Ontario: Thunder Bay, 19, "Port Arthur" [= Thunder Bay], 26 August 1969, K.J.G. Deacon. Carleton, 12, Carp, 29 August 1975, D.J. Aspinall. Leeds and Grenville, 192, Greenbush, 22 August 1998, pasture, flight intercept trap, R. Hainault (CNCI); 19, St. Lawrence Is. National Park, McDonald I., 20 August 1976, Reid (CNCD; 19, same except Thwartway I. [= Leek I.], 11 August 1976 (CNCI). Hastings, 10’, Marmora, 11 August 1952, swept from top of large basswood, J.F. McAlpine (CNCD; 10’, Belleville, 26 July 1933, H.R. Boyce (CNCI). Northumberland, 200 529, Murray Hills, 44°7’0"N, 77°40’0"W, 1 September 2002, yellow and white pans, S.M. Paiero. Wentworth, 10’, Ancaster, 8 August 1969, J.E.H. Martin (CNCI). Lincoln, 10’, Vineland, 6 July 1944, H.R. Boyce (CNCI); 10°, same except 21 August 1972, emergence cage, E.A.C. Hagley (CNCI). Essex, 20°C’, Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, nr. Sprucewood Avenue, 26-27 August 2002, yellow and white pans, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero.

Quebec: 19, Aylmer, 10 September 1893, "W.H.H." [= W.H. Harrington] (CNCI); 29 9, Mont St. Hilaire, 26 July-2 August 1977, A.T. Finnamore (LEMQ).

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada (ON, QC). Eastern United States: NH to VA, IL, IA, MO (Krombein 1979).

Biology. Unknown (see below previous species).

Didineis texana (Cresson, 1872)

Ontario: Haldimand, 10’, Dunnville, 16 August 1983, M. Bottos. Norfolk, 19, Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Williams, 42°42°17"N, 80°27°38"W, 7 September 2001, sandy field, yellow pans, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero. Essex, 20’ 0’, Harrow, 22 August 1974, J.T. Huber; Windsor, Ojibway Prairie, 19, 30-31 July 2002, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero & A. Staquet, 10", 12 September 2002, M. Buck.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Canada. Eastern U.S.: PA, NJ to FL, west to KS, MO, eastern AZ; northern Mexico (Krombein 1979). Harrington (1902) and Finnamore (1982) erroneously recorded this species from Quebec based on misidentified material of D. latimana (examined, see below that species).

Biology. Probably ground-nesting. Cixius stigmatus Say (Cixiidae) has been recorded as prey (Krombein 1979).

Nysson daeckei Viereck, 1904

Ontario: Cochrane 1C 19, Iroquois Falls, 22 June 1987, J.R. Vockeroth (CNCI). Thunder Bay, 10’, Neys Provincial Park, 1.6 km SW of gate house, 48°46’°39"N, 86°36732"W, 8-19 July 2002, Vaccinium/lichen, yellow pans, M. Buck; 10° 89 Q, 28 km E Nipigon, 48°58’0"N, 87°58’47"W, 8 July 2002, sandy area, M. Buck; 169 9, Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, 2.5 km S Visitor Centre, 9 July 2002, old sand pit, M. Buck; 39 9, Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, Tee Harbour, 48°19°32"N, 88°52’48"W, 12 July 2002, beach, M. Buck; 49 9, Thunder Bay, 13 km ENE Jct. Hwy 17 & 527, 48°31°37"N, 88°58’41"W, 10 July 2002, M. Buck; 19, Thunder Bay, 16 km ENE Jct. Hwy 17 & 527, 48°32’7"N, 88°56’23"W, 10 July 2002, M. Buck; 59 Q, Terrace Bay, 15 July 2002, beach, M. Buck; 60" 19,, Pukaskwa National Park, Beach Trail, 29-30 July 2003, dunes, yellow pans, S.M. Paiero. Rainy River, 10’, 13 mi E Atikokan on Hwy 623, 4-5 July 1978, H.J. Teskey (CNCI). Sudbury, 392 9, 1 km W Webbwood, 20 July 2002, old sand pit, M. Buck. Algoma, 19, White River, 8 July 1977, D.H. Pengelly; Sault Ste. Marie, 12, 13 July 1963, D.B. Stoltz, 12, 3 July 1976, C.D. Neilsen. Parry Sound, 10’, Powassan, 14 July 19??, G. Sevean; 0’, Killbear Provincial Park, 29 June 1979, W.A. Attwater. Manitoulin, Manitoulin I., Carter Bay, 45°36’23"N, 82°8’27"W, 70°C" 59 Q, 23-24 June 2003, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 12, 10-19 July 2003, yellow pans, M. Buck, 19, 13 July 2003, M. Buck; Manitoulin I., Providence Bay,

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Journal of the Entomological Society of Ontario Volume 134, 2003

45°39’41"N, 82°15’40"W, 19, 25 June 2003, S.M. Paiero, 10" 19, 26 June 2003, 19, 18 July 2003, dunes, M. Buck; Manitoulin I., Sand Bay, 45°48’6"N, 82°47°36"W, 39 °, 25 June 2003, M. Buck & S.M. Paiero, 39 9, 17 July 2003, M. Buck; 39 9, Manitoulin I., Shrigley Bay, 45°43°33"N, 82°29'5"W, 9 July 2003, M. Buck; 1c’ 399, Manitoulin I., Misery Bay Provincial Park, 45°47°37"N, 82°44’ 11"W, 12 July 2003, beach, M. Buck; 39 9, Manitoulin I., Union Road nr. Portage Lk., 45°46’5"N, 82°32’13"W, sandy field, 14 July 2003, M. Buck; 1¢" 29 9, Manitoulin I., Dominion Bay, 45°42’ 19"N, 82°24°30"W, dunes, 16 July 2003, M. Buck; 49 9, Manitoulin L., Square Bay, 45°42’0"N, 82°23’0"W, 19 July 2003, M. Buck; 19, Manitoulin I., Portage Bay, 45°45’0"N, 82°32’0"W, 21 July 2003, M. Buck. Carleton, 29 9, Ottawa, 15 and 22 June 1975, R.E. Roughley. Bruce, Dorcas Bay, 110°C’ 72 9, 5-13 June 1999, dunes, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall, 12, 6 July 2000, S.M. Paiero; 19, Bruce Peninsula National Park, Singing Sands, 45°11°34"N, 81°34’58"W, 30 July 1997, wetland, malaise trap, S.A. Marshall, 20°C" 19, 8 July 2003, M. Buck; | 9, Dyers Bay, 22 July 1956, D.H. Pengelly; 50’'o" 29 , Sauble Beach, 7 and 9 July 1981, G. Aiudi & J. Kircher; 29 9, Sauble Falls, 9 July 1981, C. Farivar; Inverhuron Provincial Park, 20°C", 15 June 2003, 40°’ 69 2 (3 AC’ 49 Q in yellow pans, 10" 1¢ in white pans), 2 July 2003, 59 9, 25 July 2003, dunes, M. Buck. Bruce or Grey, Hepworth, 19, 16 July 1974, R.E. Roughley, 22 2, 26 June 1975, J.T. Huber, 10", 31 May 1979, S.A. Marshall. Grey, 10’, Durham, 17 June 1955, D.H. Pengelly; Hepworth dunes, 44°37’N, 81°9’W, 150'o"' 149° (40°'C" 2° 9 in yellow pans, 19 in white pans), 5 July 2003, 19, 22 July 2003, M. Buck. Simcoe, | 9, Midland, 23 June 1974, J.T. Huber. Dufferin, 39 9, Primrose, 17 July 1956 and 7 July 1960, D.H. Pengelly; 19, same except 8 July 1974, J.T. Huber. Wellington, 1 9, Guelph, 26 June 1956, D.H. Pengelly; 20'0"' 32 9, Aberfoyle, 25 June 1956, D.H. Pengelly. Halton, 1 2, Milton, Woodland Trails Camp, 4" Line Nassagaweya, 43°22°51”N, 79°59°35”W, 16 July 2004, S.M. Paiero. Brant, 19, Brantford Railway Prairie, 43°10’N, 80°19°W, 12 July 2002, S.M. Paiero. Norfolk, Manestar Tract, 6 km NNW St. Williams, 42°42°17"N, 80°27°38"W, 10", 30 June 2000, 80°" 239 2 (19 in white pans), 8 June 2001, 49 ° (2 in white pans), 15 June 2001, 69 ° (2 in yellow pans), 25 June 2001, 50°" 102 9, 23 June 2002, sandy field, M. Buck, 19, 15 June 2003, S.A. Marshall. Elgin, 1 9, Port Burwell, 4 July 1974, J.T. Huber. Lambton, 39 9 (1 in malaise trap), Port Franks, Watson Property nr. L-Lake, 27 June-2 July 1996, J. Skevington.

Distribution. Newly recorded for Ontario. Canada: AB; eastern U.S.:, IA, MI, NY, PA, MA, NJ (Krombein 1979). The species also occurs in NS, NB, QC, MB and SK (Buck, in prep.).

Biology. Cleptoparasitic on Gorytes canaliculatus and Hoplisoides nebulosus (Bohart and Menke 1976). Because of previous confusion between H. nebulosus and H. placidus pergandei the second host needs to be confirmed. Primary host in Ontario is undoubtedly G. canaliculatus (Buck, unpubl.).

Nysson gagates Bradley, 1920

Ontario: Thunder Bay, 70'C" 69 Q, Little Pic River at Hwy 17, 48°48°5"N, 86°37°47"W, 15 and 17 July 2002, sand cliff, M. Buck; 59 9, Neys Provincial Park, railway crossing, 48°46°30"N, 86°35°3"W, 17-18 July 2002, M. Buck; 10° 39 Q, Neys Provincial Park, 1.6 km SW of gate house, 48°46°39"N, 86°36°32"W, 8-19 July 2002, Vaccinium/lichen, yellow pans, M. Buck; 10° 39 9, 28 km E Nipigon, 48°58’0"N, 87°58°47"W, 8 July 2002, M. Buck; Sleeping Giant Provincial Park, 2.5 km S Visitor Centre, 48°20°53"N, 88°48°11"W, old sand pit, 30°C" 49. 2, 9 July 2002, 49 Q, 14 July 2002, M. Buck; 5o’'o"' 39.